Lipase-catalyzed interesterifications

Rousseau, D., Marangoni, A.G. 1998a. Tailoring attributes of butter fat/canola oil blends via Rhizopus arrhizus lipase-catalyzed interesterification. 1. Compositional modifications. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46, 2368—2374. 

The lipase-catalyzed interesterification process can be used for the production of triacylglycerols with specific physical properties, and it also opens up possibilities for making so-called structured lipids. An example is a triacylglycerol that carries an essen-... 

Chemical interesterification is conveniently achieved by using alkali metal methylates as a catalyst. Microbial lipases are also used as biocatalysts in enzymatic interesteiification. In contrast to the chemical process, the enzymatic process can be more selective if an enzyme with positional specificity is used, but this reaction is usually much slower and more sensitive to reaction conditions. Recent developments in lipase-catalyzed interesterification have resulted in new industrial applications of this process (255). Nevertheless, the high costs of enzymes and process equipment may limit widespread adoption of this process. 

Xu, X., Balchen, S., and Adler-Nissen, J., Pilot batch production of specific-structured lipids by lipase-catalyzed interesterification preliminary study on incorporation and acyl migration, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 75, 301-308, 1998. 

Lipase-catalyzed interesterification of fats and oils can be accomplished either by using a stirred batch reactor or with continuous processing using a fixed-bed reactor. 

Xu X, Balchen S, Jonsson GA et al. (2000) Production of structured lipids by lipase-catalyzed interesterification in a flat membrane reactor. J Am Oil Chem Soc 77 1035-1041... 

Bloomer, S., Adlercreutz, P., and Mattiasson, B. (1992) Kilogram-Scale Ester Synthesis of Acyl Donor and Its Use in Lipase-Catalyzed Interesterifications, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 69,966-973. 

Macrae, A. R. 1983. Lipase-Catalyzed Interesterification of Oils and Fats. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 60 (2) 291-294. 

SLs lipids consist of TAGs containing a mixture of short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids produced through chemical or enzymatic modification. This modification is usually done by interesterification. In application in the food and medical fields, SLs are normally synthesized through lipase-catalyzed interesterification reactions... 

Martinez, CE, Vinay, JC, Brieva, R, HiU, CG, Jr and Garcia, HS (1999) Lipase-catalyzed interesterification (acidolysis) of com oil and conjugated linoleic acid in organic solvents. Food Biotechnol, 13, 183-193. 

Mu, H, Kalo, P, Xu, X and Hoy, C-E (2000) Chromatographic methods in the monitoring of lipase-catalyzed interesterification. Eur. J. Lipid. Sci. TechnoL, 102, 202-211. Mukheijee, KD (1994) Plant hpases and their apphcation in lipid biotransformation. Prog. 

Kalo, P, A Kemppinen, M Antila. (1987b). Candida cylindracae lipase-catalyzed interesterification of butter fat. In TH Applewhite, ed. Proceedings—World Conference on Biotechnology for the Fats and Oils Industry. Champaign, IL Am Oil Chem Soc, pp 323-327. 

Rousseau, D, AG Marangoni. (1998). TaHoring the textural attributes of butterfat-canola oil blends via Rhizopus arrhizus lipase-catalyzed interesterification 11. Modification of physical properties. J Agric Food Chem 46 2375-2381. 

Lee JH, Akoh CC, Lee K-T. Physical properties of trans-free bakery shortening produced by lipase-catalyzed interesterification. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2008 85 1-11. 

Siew WL, Cheah KY, Tang WL. Physical properties of lipase-catalyzed interesterification of palm stearin with canola oil blends. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 2007 109 97-106. 

The reaction of interesterification consists of an exchange of the carboxylate moiety of an ester and can be realized by reaction of an ester with a free acid (acidolysis) or reaction of two esters (Scheme 2). The interesterification process typically occurs among triglycerides and is often catalyzed by lipases [66,67]. As an example of a useful lipase-catalyzed interesterification, it has been reported (Scheme 3) that the exchange of butanoic acid in tributyrin with a polyunsaturated fatty acid may be carried out without solvent in the presence of Candida antarctica lipase [68]. 

T Adshiri, H Akiya, LC Chin, K Aral, K Fujimoto. Lipase-catalyzed interesterification of triglyceride with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. J Chem Eng of Japan 25 104-105,... 

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