Linoleic feeding studies

Hansen, H.S. and Jensen, B., Essential function of linoleic acid esterified in acylglucosyl ceramide and acylceramide in maintaining the epidermal water permeability barrier evidence from feeding studies with oleate, linoleate, arachidonate, columbinate and alpha-linoleate, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 834, 357, 1985. 

Hansen, H.S., and Jensen, B. (1985) Essential Function of Linoleic Acid Esterified in Acylglucosylceramide and Acylce-ramide in Maintaining the Epidermal Water Permeability Barrier. Evidence from Feeding Studies with Oleate, Linoleate, Arachidonate, Columbinate, and a-Linolenate, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 834,357-363. 

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA). Implications of CLA Feeding Studies, 101-. 

It appears that PF-3 activity is dependent on the type of fatty acids present in PS or PS + phosphatidylinositol (PI). In feeding studies in rats (2), the ratio of stearic acid to linoleic acid was closely correlated with experimental thrombosis, stearic acid... 

The earliest studies investigating the effects of n-3 dietary fatty acid manipulation on vision date back to the early 1970s. Benolken and others (1973) fed rats a fat-free diet, which resulted in a 60% reduction in the retinal DHA content. This was associated with reductions in the amplitudes of the ERG a-wave (and b-wave), reflecting anomalous photoreceptor function. In a later study, the same authors (Wheeler et al., 1975) studied the effects of feeding rats diets free of fat or supplemented with either n-9, n-6, or n-3 precursors. They determined that rats showed increased ERG amplitudes when fed 2% (w/w) linoleic acid (18 2n-6, LA), but an even greater response when 2% (w/w) a-linolenic acid (18 3n-3, ALA) was used. A mixture of 1% (w/w) LA and 1% (w/w) ALA gave an intermediate response, implying that n-3 fatty acids were critical for the development of optimal retinal function. 

The addition of 2% and 4% natural zeolite (NZ) to broiler diet was studied in a 42-day experiment. Body weight gain, feed consumption, feed consumption ratio, some carcass characteristics and chemical analysis in the muscular mass of breast and legs were determined. The supplementation of 2% NZ in the broiler diet resulted in an improvement of the feed conversion ratio and an increase of body weight, carcass yield as well as linoleic and a-linolenic acid content, without any adverse effect on the other measured parameters. The addition of 4% natural zeolite resulted in a significantly higher feed conversion ratio. 

The protocol In most of these published experimental studies involved feeding postweaned animals diets that contained high levels of fats, oils, or fat-oil mixtures. Diets with vegetable oils contain more than adequate amounts of essential fatty acids with a linoleic acid content from 7% in olive oil to over 70% in sunflower oil (Table I). The fatty acid composition of the animal body, including the heart, generally will reflect the dietary fatty acids (Carroll 1965 Holub and Kuksis, 1978). This in part may be due to the fact that the high levels of fat in the diet depress significantly the de novo synthe-... 

An excellent example of the implementation of SCFF to obtain palmitic acid from a plant source is the work of Brunner and Machado [7,72]. They conducted a detailed analysis on the fractionation of fatty acids from palm fatty acid distillates (99 % FFA (mainly palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid), 0.9 % squalene and 0.1 tocopherol) starting with a phase equilibrium analysis through to pilot plant studies and experimental verification of the separation. They postulated, from the phase equilibrium studies, that squalene and palmitie acid would be preferentially extracted and verified their postulation experimentally. They also considered a pseudo-binary mixture separation where palmitic acid is to be separated from oleic and linoleic acid and showed, using separation factors that this is possible. On pilot plant scale they showed that such a separation is feasible and balanced yield and extraet quality. At their optimum conditions (373 K, 29 MPa, extract to raffinate ratio of 1.2) they obtained an extract where the palmitic acid content was enriched from 52.5 % in the feed to 74.4 % in the extract and the oleic and linoleic acid content enriched from 46.3 % in the feed to 59.0 % in the raffinate. Squalene was also enriched in the extraet Irom 0.6 % in the feed to 1.2 % in the... 

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