Lineage phenotype

Immunophenotyping relies on the well-established observation that expression of certain proteins on the cell surface can correlate with functional activity of the constituent cells of the immune system. It should be noted that most cell surface markers are markers for the lineage of the cells and do not necessarily correlate with the actual function of the cells. We thus draw distinction between markers of Lineage Phenotype and Functional Phenotype. 

The primary goal in analyzing flow cytometric data is to classify the cells in the sample. This classification can be to a lineage phenotype, a functional... 

L. A statistical pattern recognition approach for determining cellular viability and lineage phenotype in cultured cells and murine bone marrow. Cytometry A 2007 71 612-624. 

Environmental factors control lineage decisions of neural crest cells. Several experimental approaches have shown that environmental factors are critical in determining neurotransmitter phenotype by altering existing cell properties and not by selecting different hypothetical subpopulations of NC cells. For example, during normal... 

Once stem cells are committed to the osteoblast lineage, proliferating osteoprogenitors become preosteoblasts, cell growth declines, and there is a progressive expression of differentiation markers by osteoblasts (Stein et al. 1996). Osteoblastic differentiation is characterized by the sequential expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an early marker of osteoblastic phenotype, followed by the synthesis and deposition of collagen type I, bone matrix proteins, and glycosaminoglycans and an increased expression of os-... 

Cells of the T cell lineage appear to be more sensitive to the immunomodulatory effects of Pb compared to other lymphoid populations. In addition, there are considerable differences in sensitivity across various T cell subpopulations [38 41], This differential sensitivity has become another major hallmark of Pb-induced immunotoxicity, although most data implicate T cells as indirect targets of Pb immunotoxicity. Both in vivo and in vitro observations of T-dependent immune responses in the presence of Pb suggest that T helper function and Th-dependent cytokines are skewed preferentially toward Th2 reactivities. Smith and Lawrence [42] found that Pb inhibited antigen presentation and stimulated a T cell clone of the Thl phenotype. McCabe and Lawrence [38] were the first to show that Pb inhibited Thl stimulation while it promoted presentation to Th2 clones. Heo and colleagues [39 41] provided both in vitro and in vivo results supporting this immunomodulation by Pb. 

Regulatory T (T ) cells represent a distinct T-cell lineage that plays a key role in tolerance to self antigen and prevention of autoimmune diseases, as well as in inappropriate immune responses involved in allergic diseases [1-3]. Tr cells are characterized by a set of phenotypic and functional... 

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