Limonene citral

Citrus deliciosa Tenore C. nobilis Lour. Jiu Pi (Orange) (fruit skin) Vitamin A, and C, hesperidin, limonene, citral, methyl anthranilate.49 Stomachic, digestant, expectorant, antitussive, antiemetic. 

Limonene, citral, ethyl butyrate, acetaldehyde, a-pinene 4.3 0.4 5.0 71... 

Acetaldehyde, citral, ethyl butyrate, d-limonene Acetaldehyde citral, d-limonene, a-pinene d-Limonene, citronellal, linalool, a-pinene Citral, ethyl butyrate, d-limonene, a-pinene d-Limonene, citronellal, linalool, octanal Acetaldehyde, ethyl butyrate, d-limonene, octanal Citral, ethyl butyrate, d-limonene, linalool Citral, citronellal, ethyl butyrate, d-limonene Acetaldehyde, citral, ethyl butyrate, d-limonene Citral, ethyl butyrate, d-limonene, octanal... 

Methyl anthranilate Limonene Limonene (Citral Citronellol)... 

Chief constituents Limonene, citral, and terpenesin varying percentages. 

Oil of Bitter Orange. Volatile oil expressed from fresh peel of Citrus aurantium L., Rutaceae. Constit About 90% (f-limonene citral, decyl aldehyde, methyl anthranilale, linalool. terpineol. 

It contains limonene, citral, citroneUal, cineol, and a little thymol, as well as other undetermined phenolic constituents. Unlike other Indian basil oils, it contained no methyl-chavicol. 

The oils have a high terpene hydrocarbon content (>90%, mainly (+)-limonene), but their content of oxygen-containing compounds differs and affects their quality. Important for aroma are aldehydes, mainly decanal and citral, and aliphatic and terpenoid esters. The sesquiterpene aldehydes a-sinensal [17909-77-2] and/3-sinensal [6066-88-8], which contribute particularly to the special sweet orange aroma, also occur in other citrus oils, although in lower concentration [369-370a, 370d, 394,421, 430-438]. 

Many of the monoterpenes found in essential oils of plants also occur as pheromonal substances in insects (45,57-60) and are often involved in plant-insect interactions. Some compounds found both in plants and insects are the monoterpenes citronellal, cit-ronellol, geraniol, myrcene, citral, 6-phellandrene, limonene, 2-terpinolene, a-pinene, 6-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and verbenone. 

EOs from different Lippia alba chemotypes showed behavioural effects. Greater effects were presented by chemotype 2 (with citral and limonene), while chemotype 1, containing citral, myrcene and limonene, decreased only the number of rearings in the open-field test [396]. The EO of lemon was found to modulate the behavioural and neuronal responses related to nociception, pain and anxiety [397, 398]. Thus, there is widespread and increasing interest in complementary and alternative medicines using EOs [399]. 

Lemon peel oil is much more valuable than its juice therefore, extensive research efforts have been expended to determine its natural composition as a way to detect adulteration as well as to determine quality factors [6, 31, 32]. However, a few studies on lemon juice volatiles can be found [33-35]. Lemon oils are notable for possessing relatively low levels of limonene (more than 70%) and relatively high levels of a-pinene (1-2%), -pinene (6-13%), sabinene (1-2%) and y-terpinene (8-10%) [32]. The relatively high concentration of -pinene is thought to instil the green peely odour of lemon oil. The concentrations of aliphatic and monoterpenic aldehydes, (especially citral) as well as those of esters and alcohols are critical components in the perceived quality of the oil. As lemon oil is unstable, quality can deteriorate with improper storage, resulting in... 

Elettaria cardamomum Maton. Yi Zhi Zi (Cluster cardamom) (seed) Phytosterol, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, p-cymene, camphene, d-limonene, myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, pinene, sabinene, terpinene, thujone, cineole, camphorm citral, linalol, citronellal, dl-bomeol, citronellol, geraniol, terpineol, sabinene.50 Carminative, emmenagogue, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. Treat ague, cachexia, dyspepsis, enuresis, gastralgia, nausea, spermatorrhea. 

Thymus vulgaris L. She Xiang Cao (Thyme) (aerial part) Tymol, terpinen-4-ol, pinenes, camphene, myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, limonene, 1,8-cineol, p-cymene, linalool, linalyl acetate, bomyl acetate, alpha-terpinyl acetate, alpha-terpineol, borneol, citral, geraniol, carvacrol.50 510 Anthelmintic, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, sedative. Treat bronchitis, cancer, diarrhea, gastritis, rheumatism, skin ailments. 

Xanthoxylum piperitum DC Chuan Jian (fruit) Essential oils, phellandrene, limonene, citronellol, geraniol, and sanshol in fruit sesquiterpene lactones-xanthatin, limonene in seed saponin, citral, citronellol, geraniol in leaf berberine, xanthoxylinin root.49-430 Diaphoretic properties, prophylactic against hydrophobia, used as a diuretic, stomachic, carminative, stimulant, resolving inflammatory swellings, it is sedative. 

N.A. Protein, flavone glycosides, shishonin, anthocyanin, perillanin chloride, aldehyde antioxine, citral, 1-limonene, alpha-pinene.100 This herb may be toxic. Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, sedative, treat pulmonary and uterine disorders. 

The amount of oil in a sample is determined by Scott oil analysis (AOAC, 1990e). This is a bromination reaction previously used to determine the number of fatty acid double bonds. This titration method quantifies the recoverable oil in fruits and fruit products based on the release of Br2 and the formation of limonene tetrabromide (Braddock, 1999). Figure Gl.5.3 illustrates the chemical reaction for the bromination of limonene. Other monoterpenes (a-pinene and citral) also react however, the method is accurate to within 10 ppm limonene (Scott and Valdhuis, 1966). For this procedure, limonene is co-distilled with isopropanol and titrated with a potassium bromide/bromate solution. 

The desired orange flavor is the result of volatile compounds in specific proportions (Shaw, 1991). There are six major contributors to orange flavor acetaldehyde, citral, ethyl bu-tanoate, d-limonene, nonanal, octanal, and a-pinene with two major types of essence oils, early-mid and Valencia (Shaw, 1991). Early-mid oranges include Hamlin and Pineapple. 

Capric Bomeol Citral geranial Citronellyl Carvone trans- Limonene A-3-Carene ... 

This is extracted from the peel of the fruit of Citrus limomm by pressure, either manual or mechanical. 11 is a pale yellow, sometimes slightly greenish liquid with the smell of fresh lemons in time it resinifies, decolorises and acquires a special resinous odour. It consists mostly (about 90%) of limonene and contains also small proportions of other terpenes, citral (which determines its value, as it contributes largely to the aroma) and other aldehydes and traces of esters. 

Of the mixtures with from three to twelve components, several three- and four-component mixtures received the highest scores, indicating that a highly complex mixture was not necessarily desirable for good orange flavor. Highest scores were obtained for mixtures of citral, ethyl butyrate and d-limonene (79%) citral, ethyl butyrate, d-limonene, and acetaldehyde (81%) citral,... 

Citral, ethyl butyrate, d-limonene, octanal, a-pinene Acetaldehyde, citronellal, d-limonene, linalool, a-pinene... 

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