Four-Component Mixture

Take two different sequences for the separation of a four-component mixture" (Fig. 5.7). Summing the feed flow rates of the key components to each column in the sequence, the total flow rate is the same in both cases ... 

Figure 5.7 Two possible configurations of simple columns for the separation of a four-component mixture. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66 195, 1988 reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)...

FIG. 13-99 Distillate composition profile for a batch distillation of a four-component mixture. 

Figure 18. Vacancy Chromatograms for the Separation of a Four Component Mixture...

Figure 7.41 Microcolumn size-exclusion separation of a four-component mixture using THF as the mobile phase and UV detection at 230 nm. Legend (1) Irganox 1010 (2) oleamide (3) AO 2246 (4) Cyasorb UV9 (5) sample solvent (CHCI3). After Fujimoto et al. [931], Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, 438, C. Fujimoto et al., 329-337, Copyright (1988), with permission from Elsevier...

A distillation column separating 150 kmol-h 1 of a four-component mixture is estimated to have a minimum reflux... 

Table 11.9 shows the composition of a four-component mixture to be separated by distillation. The K-values for each component at the bubble point temperature of this mixture are given. The liquid- and vapor-phase mixtures of these... 

Table 11.9 Data for four-component mixture to be separated.

Vapor flowrate in kmoMr1 for each task for the separation of a four-component mixture are ... 

The mathematical development of estimating correlation is taken from Liu s work and is a simple treatment. In 2DLC, we can form a retention matrix composed of the scaled k values for each zone so that each dimension (i.e., each unique column) has a k row vector for the compounds that were separated on it. In two dimensions, the retention representation becomes a matrix, ft, so that k takes the form for a four-component mixture ... 

Consider a four-component mixture to be analyzed by GC. The chromatogram may look something like that shown in Figure 12.15. One might think it logical that in order to quantitate the mixture for, say, component B, all one would need to do is to measure the sizes of all four peaks and divide the size of the peak representing B by the total of all four ... 

In this method, only the peak of the analyte needs to be measured in the four-component mixture in order to quantitate this component. 

It is most significant that certain binary mixtures have no critical point. With this in mind it is not surprising that certain four-component mixtures have no critical point. 

In the fractionation of multicomponent mixtures, the essential requirement is often the separation of two components. Such components are called the key components and by concentrating attention on these it is possible to simplify the handling of complex mixtures. If a four-component mixture A-B-C-D, in which A is the most volatile and D the least volatile, is to be separated as shown in Table 11.3, then B is the lightest component appearing in the bottoms and is termed the light key component. C is the... 

Scheme 4.7 Stoichiometry-induced partner displacement in a four-component mixture (a) equilibria considered, (b) constraints imposed, (c) mole fraction definitions, and (d) a plot of mole fraction versus guest concentration ([M ] = [N ]).

FIGURE 5.31. Spectral residuals from DCLS analysis of the four-component mixture. 

Trial Estimates and Converged Flow Rates and Compositions in all Stages of an Extraction Battery for a Four-Component Mixture 476... 

Of the mixtures with from three to twelve components, several three- and four-component mixtures received the highest scores, indicating that a highly complex mixture was not necessarily desirable for good orange flavor. Highest scores were obtained for mixtures of citral, ethyl butyrate and d-limonene (79%) citral, ethyl butyrate, d-limonene, and acetaldehyde (81%) citral,... 

Frijns, A.J.H. (2000) A Four-Component Mixture Theory Applied to Cartilaginous Tissue Numerical Modelling and Experiments. PhD thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven... 

Table 3.12 Sequences for separating four-component mixture by simple columns.

In the case of a four-component mixture ABCD there are five possible sequences, each of three columns, as shown in Table 3.12. In the direct sequence all the components, except the heaviest, are taken as top products. In the indirect sequence all the components are obtained as bottoms, except the lightest In equal split both A and C are obtained as overhead, while B and D as bottoms. There also two mixed sequences, such as direct/indirect and indirect/direct , the second split making the difference. 

A plot of x versus a for the hypothetical four-component mixture yields a diagram like that shown in Figure 8.186, if a is always defined to keep its value greater than 1. Laub and Purnell called this type of diagram a window diagram, and that term has persisted. The best mixture of X and... 

The example provided in Table 2 is for a four component mixture of hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane, and n-octane). The weighting method is a common calculation procedure that process engineers will encounter many times. Computations for simple systems can be easily set up on an Excel spreadsheet. 

F. The example of recycle shaving of the four-component mixture is shown in Figure 10-3. Compare your chromatogram to this figure. 

Very recently, Baker compared the two-component mixture of Tumlinson et al. with our four-component mixture in field tests near Riverside. Although, due to low population densities, the catches were rather poor, the results are clearly in favour of the four-component mixture (Table IV). 

Each object (pictured in Figure 2.32) is called a simplex - the simplest possible object in space of a given dimensionality tire dimensionality is one less than the number of factors or components in a mixture, so a tetrahedron (three dimensions) represents a four component mixture. 

Problem 2.15 A Four Component Mixture Design Used for Blending of Olive Oils... 

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