Lime note

The reaction mixture is then transferred to a 2-I. round-bottom flask with wide neck, and to this is added all at once 300 g. of cracked ice, and the mixture is rapidly agitated by a rotary motion until the decomposition is complete (Note 7). Sufficient 30 per cent sulfuric acid is added to dissolve the magnesium hydroxide, and the mixture is then steam-distilled until oil no longer collects on the surface of the distillate. The distillate, which amounts to 1500-2500 cc., is saturated with sodium chloride and the upper layer separated. The aqueous layer is extracted with two loo-cc. portions of ether and the ether extract added to the alcohol layer. The ether solution is dried over anhydrous potassium carbonate, filtered, and heated carefully on the steam cone until all the ether is distilled. The crude alcohol is warmed one-half hour with about 5 g. of freshly dehydrated lime (Note 8). After filtering again and washing the lime with a little ether, the ether is distilled and the alcohol is distilled in vacuo from a Claisen flask (Note g). The carbinol distils at 88-93 /18 mm. (practically all distilling at 91°). The yield is 70-74 g. (61-65 P r cent of the theoretical amount) (Note 10). 

The chemical concenirations, hath temperature and process limes noted above are only indicative and for general reference They may vary with the type of chemicals, the manufacturer and the condition of the surface to be treated. Details may be obtained from the chemical manufacturer to formulate the internal sheet treatment process guidelines. 

The base used for neutralization and chemical precipitation is lime (note sodium hydroxide can also be used for neutralization and chemical precipitation). 

A solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol is prepared by adding 23 g. (1 gram atom) of freshly cut sodium metal, as J -in. cubes, in portions of 3-4 g., to 300 ml. of absolute ethanol, contained in a 1-1. three-necked flask, fitted with a thermometer and an upright, water-cooled condenser, the open end of which is capped with a drying tube filled with a mixture of Drierite and coarse lime (Note 1). The sodium is added through the third neck of the flask, which is otherwise kept stoppered. 

Synonyms/Trade Names Calcium carbimide, Cyanamide, Lime nitrogen, Nitrogen lime [Note Cyanamide is also a synonym for Hydrogen cyanamide, NH2CN ]... 

Incompatibilities and Reactivities Strong alkaline materials (e.g., hydrated lime) [Note Corrosive to metals. 

Pyrolysis of a-pinene is the starting point for a number of chemicals. The allo-ocimene product can be hydrochlorinated and then hydrolyzed to give a mixture of tertiary alcohols that has a sweet floral odor for use in soaps and cosmetics. Tetrahydro-a//o-ocimenyl acetate is used in citrus-type colognes for men. Similarly, dihydromyrcenol, prepared in several steps from 3,7-dimethyl-l,6-octadiene (the pyrolysis product of c/5-pinane), is used in formulations needing a lime note. 

Figure 13.11 shows the commercial uses of quicklime and slaked lime. Note that it is not always clear whether limestone or the product of its burning, quicklime, is the actual raw material. Sometimes the limestone is added directly to a furnace, or kiln, and immediately converted to the quicklime, which is shown as the reactant. 

Health and Safety Factors. Sulfur hexafluoride is a nonflammable, relatively unreactive gas that has been described as physiologically inert (54). The current OSHA standard maximum allowable concentration for human exposure in air is 6000 mg/m (1000 ppm) TWA (55). The Underwriters Laboratories classification is Toxicity Group VI. It should be noted, however, that breakdown products of SF, produced by electrical decomposition of the gas, are toxic. If SF is exposed to electrical arcing, provision should be made to absorb the toxic components by passing the gas over activated alumina, soda-lime, or molecular sieves (qv) (56). 

Mortar Technical Notes, bulletins 1—5, National Lime Association, Washington, D.C., 1967. 

Citrus Family. This is a popular fragrance group noted for its refreshing brisk quaUty. Lemon, lime, orange, and bergamot are important ingredients. These oils combine well with lavender and amber accords. 

The reactions in the regulated-set cements containing Cjj A3CF2 (note mixed notation) as a principal phase resemble those in ordinary Portiand cements. Initial reaction rates are controlled by ettringite formation. Setting occurs with formation of the monosulfate, along with some transitory lower-limed calcium aluminate hydrates that convert to the monosulfate within a few hours. 

When all has been added (Note 2), 278 g. (6.3 moles) of ethylene oxide (Note 3) (previously dried with soda lime) is added through a tube (3 or 4 mm. in diameter) the end of which is about 20 mm. above the surface of the liquid (Note 4), the temperature being kept below 10° by cooling in an efficient ice-and-salt bath (Note 5). This addition requires four to six hours. When all has... 

A convenient arrangement consists of placing the ethylene oxide tank on suitable scales and noting the proper decrease in weight. The gas may be passed through a short tower filled with soda lime and then through a spiral condenser surrounded with salt and ice. 

Note A similar situation may be found in an aulomalic Y/A starter when the setting of the timer, to changeover from star to della, is al a higher value lo allow a longer starling lime to pick up speed. Then also the motor wotild meet the same fate if the starting time exceeded the thermal withstand time of the motor. 

B. Ozonizer. The conversion of oxygen to ozone is accomplished by means of three Berthelot tubes constructed of soft lime glass (Note 2) with the dimensions shown in Fig. 3. It is important that the glass be thoroughly cleaned and that the... 

The mixture is stirred at room temperature for an additional 60 hours (Note 4), during which time the calcium chloride tulie may become spent and need replacement. The viscous, light-yellow liquid product is transferred to a large crystallizing dish and dried in a vacuum desiccator over soda-lime for about 24 hours (Note 5). 

In a 1-1. three-necked flask fitted with a motor stirrer (Note 1), gas inlet tube, dropping funnel, and a wide-bore soda-lime tube are placed 400-500 ml. of liquid ammonia and 0.1 g. of ferric nitrate nonahydrate (Note 2). 

A dry 1-1. three-necked round-bottomed flask is fitted in the center neck with a sweep-blade stirrer whose shaft passes through an airtight bearing (Note 1). One side neck is fitted with a condenser topped by a soda-lime drying tube, and the other is fitted with a solid stopper. In the flask are placed 75 ml. of piperidine (Note 2) and 15.6 g. (0.4 mole) of sodium amide (Note 3), and the mixture is heated at reflux (Note 4) for 15 minutes with good stirring. The mixture is cooled just below reflux temperature, and 46 g. (0.2 mole) of sodium -naphtha-lenesulfonate (Note 5) is added, followed by an additional 75 ml. of piperidine. The mixture is then heated at reflux for 12 hours with stirring. 

Fig. 5. Commercially available pressing times and relative molecular weights for PF OSB resins [109,110]. Note that the molecular weight values are made relative to fit the scale. The pressing times are for 3/4-inch OSB in s/mm. The coefficient of determination between relative molecular weight and cycle lime is 0.96.

As noted for the other chemieals, the preeeding reactions are merely approximations to the more eomplex interactions which actually occur in waste waters. The lime demand of a given wastewater is a funetion of the buffer eapaeity or alkalinity of the wastewater. 

Note The above systems are for application to steel blast-cleaned to a near-while finish (Second Quality of BS 4232 1967) and immediately shop-primed before fabrication. The shop primer must be thoroughly cleaned and degreased at the lime of painting. 

The alcohol was dried once with lime, and once with sodium, according to Note 1, Org. Syn. Coll. Vol. 1, 246. 

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