Lifting equipment constructing

Road transport accidents are a common cause of death or injury at work and internal site roads should be designed to avoid blind corners and junctions. Consideration should also be given to access for lifting equipment used in maintenance and construction. 

CFR 250, Subpart A, Oil and Gas Operations on the OCS 29 CFR 1926, Subpart CC, Cranes and Derricks in Construction PISE, United Kingdom, Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment... 

The manufacture of all lifting equipment except Hfts should comply with SMSR (see 13.1), which contain the main requirements for the construction of machinery including lifts and which, for the special conditions of lifts, are supplemented by the Lifts Regulations 1997 whose contents are summarized below ... 

Construction site lifting equipment is subject to the above requirements and, because of the hostile environment in which they have to work, may require more frequent examinations and checks. 

There are no speciflc employee training requirements on ergonomics, or on any of the three ergonomic issues identified as most likely to affect construction workers (back safety and lifting, equipment and tool vibration, and repetitive motion) but because OSHA has issued ergonomic guidelines, OSHA may cite construction companies under the General Duty Clause. 

Bonded joints are extensively employed in the construction of composite structures in aerospace applications, maritime structures, lifting equipment, wind mills as well as automotive industries [3, 4, 5], Unlike the bolt hole in mechanical fastening that causes a stress concentration in the composite joint plates, adhesively bonded joints minimize the potential for stress concentration within the joint. Besides, applications where lower structural weight, improved damage tolerance design philosophy are required, adhesively bonded joints provides a potential solution. Bonded joints are an efficent fastening solution also for hybrid structures, i.e., structures where composite parts are connected to metal parts. 

These Regulations apply to all equipment used for lifting on construction sites and include fixed, mobile and travelling cranes, hoists used for both goods and passengers and also the ropes, chains, slings, etc. that support the load being lifted. 

Equipment within the workplace which is used for lifting will vary considerably depending on the type of industry and the load which is to be lifted. For example, in the construction industry, cranes and slings are predominantly used to lift loads. Other industries often use fork-lift trucks to lift and move loads. Lifting devices should be selected to suit the job or task required. For this reason, lifting equipment has limitations on the load weight it may safely lift and the conditions in which it can be used. Enviromnental factors may play an important part in the selection of equipment. 

For machinery, an interconnection of parts, one of which moves under power, causes the complex product to fall within the scope of the Machinery Directive (EC 2006a) (MD). All hazards posed by the machinery are subject to the Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSR) relating to the design and construction of machinery and given in Annex I of the Machinery Directive. Note that apparatus that moves under purely manual effort is out of scope of the Machinery Directive, except for manually powered lifting equipment. 

Four chapters (7, 8, 9 and 10) deal in detail with the protection required for members of the public in many different construction scenarios. These hazards may be conveniently divided between those which are present inside the site and those which may occur outside the site. Inside the site, the public may be visitors (authorized or unauthorized) or joint occupiers of the site if it is a refurbishment project. The hazards from the construction work presented to the public outside the site could include materials falling from working platforms, and the operation of cranes and other lifting equipment. 

The most complete set of requirements is contained within the Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992. Work equipment such as scissor lifts is covered by the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998, and suspended access equipment is covered by the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998. 

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