Life cycle costing timing

Related to competitiveness measures - improved quality, compressed lead time, reduced life-cycle costs, increased flexibility, improved productivity, more satisfied customers... 

In recent times, the combinations of LCA with other assessment methods, for example, life cycle costing and risk assessment are gaining more and more importance. 

PERO Innovative Services has developed the equipment and the peripheral devices in such a way that they optimally adapt to the desired cleaning process and minimise the costs during the complete life cycle of the equipment (according to LCC - Life Cycle Costing, formerly accurately related to as TCO - Total Costs of Ownership, since traditional accounting systems in most cases regard a period which is too short, as the costs as well as the benefits of the system incur over a long time utilisation of the equipment). 

In the selection of the right valve, it is always best to work in conjunction with one of the manufacturer s personnel or a consultant who is familiar with the different types of valve available on the market and who can advise the best solution for the application. Different types of valve are available for a reason. These reasons might sometimes be exclusively based on low cost, but also many times solve a particular application problem. Savings at the expense of safety is not a good idea and ultimately leads to increased LCC (life cycle cost of the valve), loss of valuable product, environmental pollution, damage to installations and, most importandy, potential loss of life. 

An increasing number of plant engineering companies are aware of the importance of life cycle costs and therefore require, together with the pump quotation, an additional cost proposal for a complete pump system. This trend is indicated by an increased demand for Diaphragm Pumps in particular for higher flow rates. Even ten years ago the maximal required flow rate for Triplex Pumps of unit construction has been approximately 50 KW. Today there are units available with nearly ten times the power. 

The total economic picture, including life cycle costs and energy7 expenditures, must be considered in selecting an efficient air conditioning system For many systems, the ratio of annual energy usage to first cost ranges from 0.25 to 2. Tims, over its usehil life, a system consumes many times its initial costs. 

Selection of fluoropolymers is an integral part of the overall material selection process. This implies that all the available materials such metals, ceramics, and plastics are considered candidates for an application. The end user then considers these materials against established criteria such as required life, mean time between inspection (MTBI), ease of fabrication, frequency of inspection, extent of maintenance and, of course, capital cost. More often than not it is the initial capital cost, rather than the life cycle cost of equipment, that affects the decision made during the material selection step. However, the most important piece of data is the corrosion resistance of a material in the medium under consideration over the life of the equipment. This information is available in a different format for plastics than for metals. A comparison is appropriate. 

Catalytic control devices are not necessarily inexpensive. For many applications, the cost of the catalyst itself can represent nearly 50% of the total investment for the control system. In addition, the performance of the catalyst usually degrades over time, gradually losing the ability to convert pollutants into harmless compounds. When the catalyst thus becomes deactivated, it must be regenerated or, more often, replaced with fresh catalyst. Because the catalyst is costly, the costs of catalyst deactivation can become a very significant fraction of the life-cycle costs of the control system. 

U.S. Department of Knergy (DOK) solar contractors held In September, 1981, the consensus moved away from 20-year life cycle costing. For residential systems, payback was seen as the most appropriate criterion with a median recommended payback time of 6 years. For commercial systems, vrtiere the purchaser Is more sophisticated, life-cycle costing was seen as appropriate, hut with a 10-year time horizon.( ) Additionally, a recent DOE marketing study ( 3) Indicated that a definite relationship exists between payback and market penetration, with penetration dropping below 20% for payback periods greater than 8 years. 

Life Cycle Cost - The sum of all the costs both recurring and nonrecurring, related to a product, structure, system, or service during its life span or specified time period. 

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