Leukemia cells and

A detailed study of the 0-linked oligosaccharides present on the surface of normal granulocytes, chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, and acute myelogenous leukemia cells has been completed. Structures were elucidated by f.a.b.-m.s. after permethylation, and methylation analysis before and after specific exo-glycosidase treatments. Some of the components were shown by f.a.b.-m.s. to be poly(N-acetyllactosaminyl) oligosaccharides, for example, 29. 

Brock, T. G., McGish, R. W. and Peters-Golden, M. Translocation and leukotriene synthetic capacity of nuclear 5-lipoxygenase in rat basophilic leukemia cells and alveolar macrophages. /. Biol. Chem. 270 21652-21658,1995. 

R. M. Weis, K. Balakrishnan, B. A. Smith, and H. M. McConnell, Stimulation of fluorescence in a small contact region between rat basophil leukemia cells and planar lipid membrane targets by coherent evanescent radiation. J. Biol. Chem. 257, 6440-6445 (1982). 

Vincristine has been shown to enhance the accumulation of the folate antagonist methotrexate in murine leukemia cells, and the enhancement has been shown to involve inhibition of a specific efflux route for methotrexate (25) the suggestion has been made that the effect of vincristine on methotrexate efflux may be related to alterations of cell membrane electrical activity that appear to occur when cells are treated with vincristine. In this connection, it is worth mentioning that association of tubulin with membrane structures from bovine brain has been described 25a). Both vinblastine and vincristine have been reported to enhance the accumulation of the folate antagonist methotrexate in human leukemic cells (S) there is no evidence, however, to indicate that this interaction has significance in a clinical setting. 

Forbes IJ, Zalewski PD, Giannakis C, Cowled PA (1992) Induction of apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and its prevention by phorbol ester. Exp Cell Res 198 367-72... 

Holleman A, Cheok MH, den Boer ML et al. Gene-expression patterns in drug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and response to treatment. NEnglJMed2004 351 533-542. 

Keramamide E (74) exhibits cytotoxicity against L1210 murine leukemia cells and KB human epidermoid carcinoma cells with IC50 values of 1.60 and 1.55 pg/ml, respectively [66]. 

Evans, J. P, Wickremasmghe, R. G, and Hoffbrand, A. V. (1987) Detection of tyrosine protein kinase substrates in fresh leukemia cells and normal blood cells using an immunoblotting technique. Leukemia 1, 782—785... 

Arachidonic acid released from membrane phospholipids or other sources is metabolized by the LO pathway to the smooth muscle contractile and vasoactive leukotrienes (LT), LTC4, and LTD4, as well as to the potent chemoattractant LTB4. These molecules are intimately involved in inflammation, asthma, and allergy, as well as in other multiple physiological and pathological processes. For example, cirsiliol (3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone) proved to be a potent inhibitor of 5-LO (IC50, 0.1 pM) derived from basophilic leukemia cells and peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 

Lampronti, I., N. Bianchi, M. Borgatti, E. Fabbri, L. Vizzielo, M.T.H. Khan, A. Ather, D. Brezena, M.M. Tahir, and R. Gambari. 2005. Effects of vanadium complexes on cell growth of human leukemia cells and protein-DNA interactions. Oncol. Rep. 14 9-15. 

The assay was used to determine NAD pyrophosphorylase activity in extracts prepared from human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, and in extracts prepared from rat tissues. 

Changes in IAP expression modulate apoptotic response to cellular stress. For example, an antisense oligonucleotide developed by Aegera Therapeutics, Inc. (Montreal, Quebec, Canada), AEG35156, reduces expression of XIAP. Treatment with AEG3516 increases apoptosis in studies with myeloid leukemia cells, and the antisense approach currently is in phase Eli clinical trials for refractory AML (acute myeloid leukemia) in combination with chemotherapy (29). The strategy of up-regulating IAP action to inhibit apoptosis has been validated... 

The use of enzymes, such as papain, to cleave beadtcell rosettes has also been investigated (17). Chymopapain, used at 200 U/IO cells per mL of TC199 tissue culture medium for 10 min at 37°C, was found to be most effective and least toxic to KGla human leukemia cells and gave 100% recovery of viable cells. 

Fig. 5 Effect of treatment type on the increase in tumor volume in mice inoculated with BLSC-KU cells. The animals in treatment groups received i.v. doses of doxorubicin via tumor-specific or non-specific liposomes on day 0, 3, and 7 after the initiation of treatment. The tumor-specific and non-specific liposomes were conjugated with MoAbs against leukemia cells and normal mouse IgG, respectively. (Adapted in part from Ref. l)...

Zwelling LA,AndersonT, Kohn KW. DNA-protelnand DNAInterstrand cross-linking by cIs-and trans platinum [II] Dlammlnedlchlo-rlde In LI2IO mouse leukemia cells and relation to cytotoxicity. Cancer Res 1979 39 365-9. 

Also relevant in this context is the observation by Jaffrezou et al. [120] that ceramide enhances neutral sphingomyelinase activity in myeloid leukemia cells and in normal skin fibroblasts. However, these results were obtained with short-chain, cell-permeant ceramides, whose physical effects on membranes may differ from the more frequent long-chain ones [9]. The subject is interesting enough to deserve a more detailed investigation. 

Patients with ALL frequently relapse after consolidation due to residual disease. Long-term maintenance therapy for 2 to 3 years is essential, and eradicates residual leukemia cells and prolongs the duration of remission. Maintenance therapy consists of pulse doses of vincristine, oral methotrexate, and oral mercaptopurine. 

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