Leguminosae development

There are reports that plant virus inhibitors occur naturally in plants, and they could be proteins, glycoprote -ins, polysaccharides, phenols etc(7 5). Extracts of mosses, especially Sphagnum(76), algae(77) and Cassia of the family Leguminosae(7S) are effective in inhibiting tobacco mosaic virus(TMV), but much more work is needed to develop virici-des that may be sprayed safely and economically on crop plants in the field. 

Other mechanisms, such as the inhibition of -amyloid formation. There are several other alkaloids which are nicotinic agonists at the cholinergic receptor such as lobeline (89) from Lobelia inflata. Lobelia inflata a could be exploited to influence cholinergic function in AD. Sophoramine (90) and cytisine (91), found in members of the Leguminosae, have nicotinic actions but they do not appear to have been developed for any pharmaceutical purposes, probably because of their toxicity. 

Physostigma venenosum (Leguminosae/Fabaceae) and has played an important role in pharmacology because of its anticholinesterase activity. The inherent activity is in fact derived from the carbamate side-chain rather than the heterocyclic ring system, and this has led to a range of synthetic materials being developed. 

Indigo (178a) was originally prepared from an indoxyl glucoside occurring in various species of Indigofera (Leguminosae), until the industrial synthesis was developed. 

Rosenthal, G.A. and Rhodes, D. (1984) L-Canavanine transport and utilization in developing jack bean, Canavalia ensiformis (Leguminosae). Plant Physiol, 76, 541. ... 

Later in an attempt to construct cladograms of the genera of the Nillettieae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) the attempts failed due to many parallel developments lack of correlating apomorphies and non monophyletic nature of the OTU s (Scala Millettiearum. 1984. Leiden Botanical Series 8. Chapters 5, 6 6 7). 

Using an affinity probe technique it has become possible to identify natural products that bond to DNA (79). Extracts derived from Albizia amara (Leguminosae) were found to demonstrate activity in a recently developed HPLC system designed to detect compounds capable of interacting with DNA. Further investigation led to the procurement of four sets of alkaloid isolates X1-X4 that were found to be macrocyclic pithecolobine alkaloids. Isolate Xi found to inhibit the catalytic activity of DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. It has been identified as a mixture of budmunchiamines A (89), B (90), and C (91), in the ratio 4 1 1 80), whose structures were determined by spectroscopic methods 81). In further detailed bioassay-guided isolation, six more spermine macrocyclic alkaloids, budmunchiamines D-I (92-97) were obtained 82). The structures of these substances were confirmed by spectral analysis and comparison with the related alkaloids budmunchiamines A (89)-C (91). (See Fig. 10.)... 

The Egyptians seem to have had a well-developed agriculture dating back to the first days of recorded history. Fred et al. (1932) state that the seeds of Leguminosae formed an important part of the food supply and also entered into religious and burial services. The legumes are believed to include beans, lentils, chick pea and possibly bitter vetch. Their main food crops, however, were the various small grains. 

Marazzi, B. and Endress, P. K. (2008). Patterns and development of floral asymmetry in Senna (Leguminosae, Cassiinae). American Journal of Botany, 95, 22-40. 

McMahon, M. M. and Hufford, L. (2005). Evolution and development in the amorphoid clade (Amorpheae Papilionoideae Leguminosae) ... 

Prenner, G. (2004). Floral development in Polygala myrtifolia (Polygalaceae) and its similarities with Leguminosae. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 249, 67-76. 

Prenner, G. and KUtgaard, B. B. (2008). Towards unlocking the deep nodes of Leguminosae Floral development... 

Prenner, G. (2004a). Floral development in Daviesia cordata (Leguminosae Papilionoideae MirbeUeae) and its systematic implications. Australian Journal of Botany, 52,285-291. 

P. J. (2007). Eloral morphology and development in Quillajaceae and Surianaceae (Fabales), the species-poor relatives of Leguminosae and Polygalaceae. Annals of Botany, 100, 1491-1505. 

G6mez-Acevedo, S. L., Magalldn, S. and Rico-Arce, L. (2007). Floral development in three species of Acacia (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Australian Journal of Botany, 55,30-41. 

Prenner, G. and Teppner, H. (2005). Anther development, pollen presentation and pollen adhesive of parenchymatous origin in Callinadra angustifolia (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae-Ingeae). Phyton (Horn, Austria), 45, 267-286. Ramirez-Domenech, J. I. and Tucker, S. C. 

Tiiterpenoid saponin exists widely in plants of Araliaceae, Campanulaceae, Polygalaceae, Leguminosae, Umbelliferae, etc. Tiiterpenoid saponin is consisted of triteipenoid sapogenins and saccharide chain. Tetracyclic and pentacyclic triteipenoid saponins are very common and showed extensive activity on immune system, cardiovascular system, even with antitumor effect. They have long been under study to elucidate their activity and mechanism, new structural compounds, and develop rapid and accurate analytical methods. The isolation of triterpenoid saponins is tedious due to their high polarity, and so is the structure identification due to the presence of more than three monosaccharides. New analytical tools and approaches have been developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of triteipenoid saponins in food, medicinal plant and health care products. This chapter describes spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and chromatography coupled with different detector for triterpenoid saponin analysis in matrix. 

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