Leaves moths

Tree Preservation gypsy moths, caterpillars, borers, leaf miners, mites wounds from pmning or other damage to bark... 

Schultz J C and Baldwin IT (1982), Oak leaf quality declines in response to defoliation by gypsy moth larvae , Science, 217, 149-50. 

Many Insects have become specialists on crucifers and a few related plant families. These Include flea beetles, leaf beetles, cabbage root fly, aphids, cabbage butterflies and the dlamondback moth. At the same time, several polyphagous Insects such as the cabbage looper, armyworms and aphids are major pests of crucifers. Comparative studies on these specialists and generalists have provided valuable Information on host recognition and possible resistance mechanisms. 

Leaf odours. The total essence which emanates from growing leaves is not solely constituted of straight chain alcohols and aldehydes. In the insect s selection of a host plant, species-specific components might be involved. The leek moth Acrolepiopsis assectella is attracted by thiosulfinates, compounds isolated from leek. Cis-3-hexen-1-ol was also shown to be attractive (27). 

Fruit tree leaf roller Pear leaf blister mite Codling moth... 

Landolt, P. J. (1993). Effects of host plant leaf damage on cabbage-looper moth attraction and oviposition. Entomologia Experimentalis etApplicata 67 79-85. 

Acyl silanes can display disparate behaviour when treated with carbon nucleophiles, even of related types5,61149. For example, when aroyl silanes were treated with a Wittig reagent, none of the expected alkenes was obtained, and the only reaction products isolated were silyl enol ether and triphenylphosphine (Scheme 73)182,183. When alkanoyl silanes were treated with Wittig reagents, however, only the normal olefinated vinyl silane products were isolated (Scheme 74)182-184 Under soluble lithium salt conditions, Z-vinyl silanes were produced with very high selectivities the reaction was used to prepare a pheromone component (50) of the sweet potato leaf folder moth (Scheme 75)183. 

Feeny P. 1970. Seasonal changes in oak leaf tannins and nutrients as a cause of spring feeding by winter moth caterpillars. Ecology 51 565-581. 

Figure 3.6 Biosynthetic pathways for producing the intermediate CoA derivatives of the pheromone blend of the redbanded leaf roller moth, Argyrotaenia velutinana. The CoA derivatives followed by a superscript number in parentheses are reduced to an alcohol and acetylated to form the acetate esters that make up the pheromone blend. The superscript numbers indicate the approximate ratio of components found in the pheromone gland (Bjostad et al., 1985).

The ability of male moths to perceive mixtures of geometric isomers with extraordinary acuity was further documented in an investigation of the responses of males of the redbanded leaf-roller and two populations of the European cornborer to isomers of 11-tetradecenyl acetate (21). Redbanded leafroller males were essentially unresponsive to pure preparations of their reported sex pheromone, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, but were strongly attracted to lures containing up to 8% of the (E)-isomer. Similarly, European cornborer males from Iowa responded maximally when 4% of the (E)-isomer was added to the (Z)-isomer, whereas the New York population was attracted to an isomeric mixture containing about 4% of the (Z )-isomer. Enhanced attraction by a small proportion of the opposite geometric isomer was also demonstrated with males of the oriental fruit moth,... 

The sunflower budworm or bud moth (Suleima helianthana Riley), considered a minor pest of the sunflower in which damage is sporadic, also feeds on the Jerusalem artichoke (Pedraza-Martinez, 1990 Rogers, 1979). In North America, the insect is found from Maryland to California and south to Mexico. Damage is caused by larval feeding, typically on the apical bud or axils of upper leaves, producing distorted, misshapen plants. Young larvae act as leaf miners or enter a leaf rib, while older larvae enter and feed on buds, leaf axils, stems, and bracts. 

Other desaturases also may play a part in these pathways. The greenheaded leafroller moth, Planotortrix excessana, a New Zealand species, uses (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate as its main pheromone component. In vivo studies using deuterated precursors showed that the path given in Fig 4 was operative, indicating a desaturase that introduced a double bond at the 10-11 position was operative (12). Another New Zealand insect, the brownheaded leaf-... 

More chemical specificity is represented by the structure of the sex pheromone released by females of the Korean population of the apple leaf miner Lyonetia prunifoliella. The main compound is 10,14-dimethyl-l-octadecene (M25), which is accompanied by minor amounts of the saturated hydrocarbons, 5,9-dimethyloctade-cane and 5,9-dimethylheptadecane 902 Earlier, the three compounds were reported to be components of the sex pheromone for the North American population of the moth.903 During bioassays in Korea, all (S, -configured isomers proved to be electrophysiologically active, whereas (105,145)-dimethyloctadec-l-ene elicited the strongest response. In contrast to the North American insects, (105,145)-M25 was found to attract the moths as a single compound. In the case of the Lyonetia compounds, the structure M25 suggests the incorporation of two propanoate units interrupted by an acetate unit. 

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