Salt conditions

Additives, whether hydrophobic solutes, other surfactants or polymers, tend to nucleate micelles at concentrations lower than in the absence of additive. Due to this nucleating effect of polymers on micellization there is often a measurable erne, usually called a critical aggregation concentration or cac, below the regular erne observed in the absence of added polymer. This cac is usually independent of polymer concentration. The size of these aggregates is usually smaller than that of free micelles, and this size tends to be small even in the presence of added salt (conditions where free micelles tend to grow in size). 

A furtlier problem is tire influence of tire ratlier unusual—from tire physiological viewpoint—salt conditions necessary for crystallization. It should not be presumed tliat proteins embedded in a crystal are in tlieir most common native stmcture. It is well known tliat, witli tire exception of sodium or potassium chloride, which are not very useful for inducing crystallization, salts change key protein parameters such as tire melting temperature [19]. 

Complex salts of thorium fluorides have been generated by interaction of ThF with fluoride salts of aLkaU or other univalent cations under molten salt conditions. The general forms of these complexes are [ThF ] [15891 -02-8] ThFJ [1730048-0] and [ThF ] [56141-64-1], where typical countercations are LC, Na", K", Cs", NH" 4, and N2H" 3. Additional information on thorium fluorides can be found in the Hterature (81). 

Figure 4. Chromatogram showing separation of the 3-phenyl-2(lH)pyridone alkylsulfonate sodium salts. Conditions as described in the text under "HPLC Separation Conditions."...

Disulfide reduction occurs over a broad pH range and in a variety of buffer environments. The reaction can be done in denaturants, chaotropic agents, detergents, and in high salt conditions. 

Complex formation between PBA or PDBA group and the SHA group occurs in a wide range of buffer types from pH 5 to 9, and it can tolerate high salt conditions (to 1.5 M) or the... 

Guo J, Zhou J, Wang D et al (2008) The new incorporation bio-treatment technology of bromoamine acid and azo dyes wastewater under high salt conditions. Biodegr 19 93-98... 

Guo J, Zhou J, Wang D, Tian C, Wang Ping M, Uddin S (2008) A novel moderately halophilic bacterium for decolorizing azo dye under high salt condition. Biodegr 19 15-19... 

Most eukaryotic mRNA molecules have up to 250 adenine bases at their 3 end. These poly (A) tails can be used in the affinity chromatographic purification of mRNA from a total cellular RNA extract. Under high salt conditions, poly (A) will hybridize to oligo-dT-cellulose or poly(U)-sepharose. These materials are polymers of 10 to 20 deoxythymidine or uridine nucleotides covalently bound to a carbohydrate support. They bind mRNA containing poly (A) tails as short as 20 residues. rRNA and tRNA do not possess poly (A) sequences and will not bind. After washing the mRNA can be eluted with a low salt buffer. 

Hul5 is a stoichiometric component of affinity-purified yeast 26S proteasomes purified under low-salt conditions [80], Hul5 is a HECT-domain E3 ligase known as KIAAIO in mammals. It assembles both K48- and K29-linked polyubiquitin chains and binds to PA700 and to isolated Rpnl/S2 via an N-terminal domain... 

Using the concentration dependence of l under different salt conditions, we get 11 -i1o... 

Dependencies of Viscosity and Modulus in Unentangled Dilute and Semidilute Solutions on c, N, and tn for Low and High Salt Conditions"... 

As noted earlier, the reaction is initiated by an arylamine cation-radical, and dichloromethane is commonly used as a solvent. Recently, a simple but valuable technique has been elaborated for minimizing acid-catalyzed side reactions under aminiumyl salt conditions (Bauld et al. 2000). This technique consists of using a two-phase system of dichloromethane with water instead of only... 

In contrast. Draper and coworkers have shown that organic solvent such as methanol can actually help larger RNA constructs fold properly under salt conditions which would otherwise yield incompletely or improperly folded RNA con-... 

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