Leather bleaches

Used industrially for etching glass, as an antiseptic and disinfectant, as a leather bleach, in the production of tin plate, for rust removal, as a welding flux, as a neutralizer in laundry rinsing operations, and as a cleaner for stone and brick building faces. Used to preserve zoological and anatomical specimens. 

Sodium bifluoride, by itself or ia conjunction with other materials, is a good laundry sour because, ia the concentrations used, it does not create a pH below 4.0 and thus causes no damage to textile fibers, although it removes iron stains. Leather (qv) bleaching and cleaning of stone and brick building faces are other uses for this material (3). 

Leather Taiming. Oxahc acid is used as a pH modifier in leather tanning by tannin and basic chromium sulfate. It also functions as a bleaching agent for leather (qv). 

Miscellaneous. In ore flotation, sodium sulfite functions as a selective depressant. In textile processing, sodium sulfite is used as a bleach for wood (qv) and polyamide fibers and as an antichlor after the use of chlorine bleach. Synthetic appHcations of sodium sulfite include production of sodium thiosulfite by addition of sulfur and the introduction of sulfonate groups into dyestuffs and other organic products. Sodium sulfite is useful as a scavenger for formaldehyde in aminoplast—wood compositions, and as a buffer in chrome tanning of leather. 

World production expressed as 100% H2O2 approached 1.9 million tonnes in 1994 of which half was in Europe and one-fifth in the USA. The earliest and still the largest industrial use for H2O2 is as a bleach for textiles, paper pulp, straw, leather, oils and fats, etc. Domestic use as a hair bleach and a mild disinfectant has diminished somewhat. Hydrogen peroxide is also extensively used to manufacture chemicals, notably sodium perborate (p. 206) and percarbonate, which are major constituents of most domestic detergents at least in the UK and Europe. Normal formulations include 15-25% of such peroxoacid salts, though the practice is much less widespread in the USA, and the concentrations, when included at all, are usually less than 10%. 

INCOMPATIBILITY DS2 is a corrosive material and because of its content, it is incompatible with some metals (e.g., cadmium, tin and zinc) some plastics (e.g., Lexan, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, Mylar, and acrylic) some paints wool leather oxidizing materials (e.g., Super Tropical Bleach or High Test Hypochlorite) and acids. 

Chlorine dioxide is used for bleaching textdes, paper-pulp, ceUulose, leather, beeswax, ods, and fats. Other applications are in water treatment processes to kill bacteria, oxidize impurities, and control the taste and odor of water. It also is used to prepare many chlorite alts. Dilute solutions are used as antiseptics. 

Sodium bisulfate is used for pickhng metals bleaching leather carbonizing wool in carbonic acid baths, and manufacturing magnesia cements... 

The ash of true leather tanned with tannin consists essentially of calcium carbonate with traces of iron and of phosphates. Coloured leathers may contain metals from the mordants used (tin, copper, iron, chromium, aluminium) tin may also be introduced as stannous chloride used for bleaching. Small quantities of silicates (talc, kaolin) may be employed in the treatment of the leather. Finally, other mineral matters (barium, magnesium and lead salts and sodium chloride) may have been added as filling to increase the weight. Complete quantitative analysis of the ash is rarely necessary, but determination of its calcium content is sometimes required, this being made by the ordinary methods. 

Properties Oily liquid, having an odor like mustard, garlic, or horse radish. M, P. 13.5°. B. P. 215.5°, Readily soluble in fatty oils and lipoids. In liquid and gaseous state it readily penetrates clothing and leather. In presence of water it undergoes hydrolysis, and it is easily decomposed by bleaching powder and Chlo-ramine-T. Powerful vesicant (blister-producer) very persistent, causing eye irritation, conjunctivitis, and inflammation of respiratory tract which may lead to pneumonia. 

Chlorine dioxide is a strong oxidizing agent, bactericide, and antiseptic. It is used in bleaching cellulose, paper pulp, leather, flour, fats and oils, textiles, and beestpwax, and in deodorizing and purifying water. It is currently considered as an alternative to chlorine, as a disinfectant for public water supplies in the United States. It is also used in the manufacture of many chlorite salts. 

Oxalic acid is used in the manufacture of dyes, inks, bleaches, paint removers, varnishes, wood and metal cleaners, dextrin, cream of tartar, celluloid, tartaric acid, purified methyl alcohol, glycerol, and stable hydrogen cyanide. It is used in the following industries photographic, ceramic, metallurgic, rubber, leather, engraving, pharmaceutical, paper, and lithographic. 

Use Manufacture of dyestuff pastes, textile backings, latex paints and paper coatings, retanning and bleaching of leather, dye resist in leather dyeing, disperson of pitch in paper manufacture, prefloc prevention in the manufacture of synthetic mbber. 

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