Wool carbon

Attempts have been made to introduce processes and equipment for rapid acidizing, drying—baking, and cmshing (75) and for carbonizing wool in shver (rope) form (76), but neither of these processes has been adopted commercially. 

In woolen spinning there are no highly efficient mechanical methods to remove VM. Generally, very clean scoured wool, combed wools, or carbonized wool must be used as inputs, or fabrics must be carbonized. 

To date, a few methods have been proposed for direct determination of trace iodide in seawater. The first involved the use of neutron activation analysis (NAA) [86], where iodide in seawater was concentrated by strongly basic anion-exchange column, eluted by sodium nitrate, and precipitated as palladium iodide. The second involved the use of automated electrochemical procedures [90] iodide was electrochemically oxidised to iodine and was concentrated on a carbon wool electrode. After removal of interference ions, the iodine was eluted with ascorbic acid and was determined by a polished Ag3SI electrode. The third method involved the use of cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry [92] (See Sect. 2.16.3). Iodine reacts with mercury in a one-electron process, and the sensitivity is increased remarkably by the addition of Triton X. The three methods have detection limits of 0.7 (250 ml seawater), 0.1 (50 ml), and 0.02 pg/l (10 ml), respectively, and could be applied to almost all the samples. However, NAA is not generally employed. The second electrochemical method uses an automated system but is a special apparatus just for determination of iodide. The first and third methods are time-consuming. 

Sodium bisulfate is used for pickhng metals bleaching leather carbonizing wool in carbonic acid baths, and manufacturing magnesia cements... 

The equipment consists of a feed system, the reactor section, a GC, and an MS for product analysis. A Rupprecht and Patashnick TEOM 1500 PMA (Pulse Mass Analyzer) was used in the experimental design shown in Fig. 2. The tapered element with the catalyst bed on its end oscillates in a clamped-free mode. This is accomplished through a sensitive feedback amplifier control circuit connected to a mechanical drive to supply the necessary energy. The reactor tube is constructed of proprietary glass ( engineered glass ) (5). The reactor material has proved to be sufficiently inert for a number of applications. The catalyst bed is held in place by quartz, a-alumina, or carbon wool, depending on the conditions, and a metal cap. 

Carbon felt, carbon wool and woven carbon, which due to their isotropic structure only exhibit low mechanical strengths and low elasticity moduli, are manufactured by the pyrolysis of organic textiles. Depending on the form of the starting material utilized e.g. as woven textiles or felt, woven carbon or carbon felt is produced after carbonization. 

Carbon felts are mainly utilized for thermal insulation at high temperatures e.g. in resistive or induction furnaces. Carbon wool is manufactured by decomposing cotton wool or similar materials and is mainly utilized as a packing material for high temperature heat insulation. Its resistance to chemical corrosion makes it suitable as a filter material for corrosive media, as a support for catalysts and for corrosion-resistant linings in chemical plant. 

Applications of carbon felts, carbon wool and woven carbon ... 

Use Flux for decomposing minerals substitute for sulfuric acid in dyeing disinfectant manufacture of sodium hydrosulfide, sodium sulfate, and soda alum liberating C02 in carbonic acid baths, in thermophores carbonizing wool manufacture of magnesia cements, paper, soap, perfumes, foods, industrial cleaners, metal pickling compounds lab reagent. 

The first carbonization of cellulose-based fibers dates back to Thomas Edison, who carbonized a natural cellulose filament for use as an incandescent lamp filament. In the mid-1950s, the Carbon Wool Corporation introduced the first commercial carbonized rayon fibers (79). PAN- and pitch-based carbon fibers have replaced rayon-based fibers in most high performance applications however, they continue to find use as ablative materials in missile nosecones and heat shielding (16). Additionally, the combination of low cost, ease of handling, and high natural porosity makes rayon an attractive precursor for activated carbon fibers (see CELLULOSE Fibers, Regenerated). 

Carbonization of rayon (and PAN) yams and fabrics was briefly Investigated by Union Carbide Corporation during World War II as a possible substitute material for control grids In vacuum tube power amplifiers [5]. However, the first conmerclal venture Into multifilament carbon fibers was about 1957 by Bamebey-Cheney, a licensee of W. F. Abbott s Carbon Wool Corporation, which briefly manufactured carbon fiber tows, mats, and batting materials from cotton and rayon precursors [6], These materials were developed for use as high temperature thermal Insulation, as particle filters for hot, corrosive gases or liquids and as activated carbon fibers. 

Wool is traded as raw wool (greasy wool), scoured and carbonized wool, combed top, comber waste, offal, and as sheepskin. 

The processing of wool starts with scouring, which is the removal of impurities by washing with nonionic - surfactants and - soap or by treatment with strong acids (carbonizing). Wool grease or wax is recovered (- lanolin). 

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