Lead-based paint emissions from

EXPOSURE ROUTES leaded gasoline combustion combustion of solid waste, coal, and oils emissions from iron and steel production lead smelters tobacco smoke food and soil lead-based paints flaking paint paint chips weathered paint powder drinking water pipes, solder, and fixtures lead smelting and refining industries steel and iron factories gasoline stations battery manufacturing plants... 

Although we no longer use leaded gasoline, our soil has been contaminated from decades of exposure to emissions from cars and trucks burning leaded fuel. Lead is also added to the soil from paint that falls or is scraped from houses and other structures and equipment painted with lead-based paint. In some cases, industrial emissions and pesticides are also present. The net result is large quantities of lead in our soil. For a more detailed discussion of lead in soil and how to protect your family from it, see Chapter 14. 

Lead inhalation can occur when particle sizes are below 10 pm (micrometers) in diameter, as is the case with fiunes and line dust (World Health Organization 2010). Lead-polluted air results from lead smelter emissions and car emissions in countries that still use leaded gasoUne. Lead fiunes are also produced when heat guns are used to remove lead-based paint. 

Lead-based paiat ra buildings, interiors and exteriors Lead food cans Lead gasoline and dust Lead water pipes Soil Oil, coal, combustion and solid waste Metal refining, smelting, and manufacturing processes emissions Emissions from alkyl lead manufacturers Lead battery manufacturers and recyclers Portland cement manufactnring Painted surfaces weathering... 

The 1974—1975 Silver Valley study data are summarized in Table 23.1. Data are presented as they were gathered in 1974, before emission control systems were restored. Geometric mean PbB values varied with distance of child residences from the smelter emission points but varied only moderately with age of the children. Unlike other Pb exposure scenarios, those based on smelter emissions indicated that excessive exposures persisted into later years. The Silver Valley findings are consistent with findings elsewhere (Neri et al., 1978). Urban children exposed to lead paint more typically show peak PbB values at 2—3 years of age followed by a marked decline. In Area I, with homes within 1 mile of the facility, PbB varied from 75 p.g/dl... 

---