Turquoise Blue

Phenazine leucos are capable of providing yellow, orange, red, and magenta images whereas thiazine and oxazine leucos are normally restricted to turquoise, blue, and purple colors.19 Color depends on the electronic nature of substituents R1 to R4, as shown in Table 3. 

Blue Purple Turquoise Blue Purple-brown... 

Copper phthalocyanine derivatives are well established as turquoise blue direct and reactive dyes for cellulosic fibres. Chlorosulphonation at the 3-position, followed by hydrolysis, yields sulphonated direct dyes such as Cl Direct Blue 86 (5.32 X = H) and Blue 87 (5.32 X = S03Na). Solubility and dyeing properties can be varied by introducing four chlorosulphonyl groups, some of which are hydrolysed and some converted to sulphonamide by reaction with ammonia or alkylamines. This approach is also the main route to reactive dyes of the copper phthalocyanine type. The reactive system Z is linked to a 3-sulphonyl site... 

Hancock, R. G. V., Aufreiter, S., Moreau, J.-F., and Kenyon, I. (1996). Chemical chronology of turquoise blue glass trade beads from the Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec. In Archaeological Chemistry organic, inorganic and biochemical analysis, ed. Orna, M.Y., ACS Symposium Series 625, Washington, DC, American Chemical Society, pp. 23-36. 

The decolourization capacity of the white-rot fungus Phlebia tremellosa was investigated in detail. Dyes included in the experiments were Cibacron red, Remazol navy blue, Remazol red, Cibacron orange, Remazol golden yellow, Remazol blue, Remazol turquoise blue, and Remazol black B. The decomposition of Remazol black B was followed by RP-HPLC. Measurements were performed in an ODS column (250 X 4.6 mm i.d.) using ACN-water... 

MethyIanlhraquinane and Related Compounds. 2-Methylanthraqui-none and its derivatives are important as intermediates for manufacturing various kinds of vat dyes and brilliant blue (turquoise blue] disperse dyes 2-Methylanthraquinone is prepared from phthalic anhydride and toluene via a benz.oylbenzoic acid. I -Nitroanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid is of great importance as an intermediate for manufacture of vat dyes as well as disperse dyes. It is conventionally prepared from 2-melhyl-l-nitatanlhraquinone, by oxidation in sulfuric acid with sodium dichromate. 

The former of these is a ferric ferrocyanide, and the latter a ferrous ferricyanide. Both are in powder or masses of deep turquoise blue with reddish reflection the lighter and more spongy forms are the more highly valued. 

Night blue, Victona blue, new VictOna blue, bnlhant Victoria blue, Victona pure blue, glacier blue, brilliant glacier blue, -setocyamne, setoglaucme, setopaline, turquoise blue,rhoduline blue 5B, 6G, chrome blue a c (b ... 

GupricsiUcates.—The emerald-green, hexagonal dioptase, CuSiOs,H20, has the density 8-28 to 8-35. The turquoise-blue chrysocolla has density... 

The color of object 6 is similar to that of object 4 but without the opacity. Again, copper probably is dominant in causing a turquoise blue color. At 0.11%, chromium may not contribute to the color. The eflFect of 0.52% nickel, if any, is not known. 

The composition of object 9 is similar to that of the other two turquoise blue objects, 4 and 6. The color results from copper in the presence of iron. 

In summary, the violet color (objects 5, 7, 8) is caused by iron in the presence of manganese and cobalt. The turquoise blue color (objects 4, 6, 9) is caused by copper in the presence of iron. These same components (copper, iron) in the presence of lead (probably as lead anti-monate) produce a green color (object 2). Lead antimonate alone causes a yellow-orange color (object 3). Cowell and Werner (I) have found also that cobalt at the 0.2% level can impart a deep blue color, that antimony at the 2% level (as calcium antimonate) can produce an opaque white glass, and that copper in a certain form see below) at the 4% level can give a deep red color. These results are in general agreement with those found by other workers (5). 

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