Lavandin, lavender

The enantiomeric differentiation of linalool is useful in the quality control of essential oils and oleoresins, as it was found to provide an important indication of the authenticity of many herbs and spices. The enantiomeric composition of linalool has been determined in many essential oils, including basil, bergamot, rosemary, lavandin, lavender, balm, coriander, mace. Pelargonium, rose, Cymbopogon, lemon, mandarin, Osman-thus, davana, jasmine, Lippia alba and orange, as well as in many fruit... 

Lanoiin lanoline Lard saindoux Laurie Acid acide laurique Lauryi Aicohol alcool laurique Lauryi Amine laurylamine Lavandln Oil essence de lavandin Lavender Oil essence de lavande Leather cuir... 

Aroma chemicals are isolates, or chemically treated oils or components of oils. Some components are removed physically, others chemically. In most cases, they are further purified by distillation. For example, Bois de Rose (rosewood) oil may be distilled to isolate linalool, which may be then further treated chemically to yield derivatives such as linalyl acetate, an important fragrance ingredient and a primary component in its own right of lavender and lavandin oils. Vetiver oil Haiti, although containing only 70% alcohols, is treated with acetic anhydride, then carefully distilled to include valuable odor components in the distillate, even though they may not be esters. 

Table 5. Comparison of Constituents of Oils of Lavender and Lavandin ...

Component CAS Registry Number Stmcture number Percent in lavender Percent in lavandin... 

Table 6. Provisional AFNOR Specifications for Lavender and Lavandin Oils...

Lavender Oil Spike. Also known as spike oil, lavender oil spike is obtained by steam distillation of the flowering tops of l vandula latijolia Vik., which grows wild and is also cultivated throughout the Mediterranean region, with most production in Spain and France. There was a time when spike oil, particularly Spanish lavender oil [8016-78-2] found extensive use in soap perfumery however, with the introduction of the less expensive lavandin oil, a hybrid of tme lavender (L. angustifolid) and L. latijolia, utilization of spike oil in perfumery has been reduced appreciably. French spike oil, a more dehcate version, still finds considerable use in functional and industrial perfumery. A comparison of the volatiles of a commercial Spanish oil and a... 

L v ndin. Lavandin, Lavandula hjbrida as a plant species is of recent origin, unknown until the late 1920s. It is a hybrid of two common lavenders, l vandula officinalis and l vandula latifolia. Lavandin is cultivated mainly ia southern France and has become one of the most produced and used natural perfumery materials. The flowering tops of the shmb are used to produce a concrete, an absolute, and a steam-distilled oil the last is by far the most used. Low cost and refreshing odor quaUty allow lavandin to be employed ia a wide variety of perfume appHcations and at high concentrations. Chemically it is comprised of 30—32% linalool (3) and linalyl acetate (1), along with numerous other substances, mosdy terpenic. 

Linalyl acetate is the principal constituent of the essential oils of bergamot, clary sage, lavender and lavandin. It is also present in the essential oils of Salvia officinalis, petitgrain, sassafras, neroli, lemon, lime, a few Mentha species and others. 

Optically pure (3i )(—)-linalyl acetate was detected in the oils of clary sage Salvia sclarea). Salvia dominica, lavender and lavandin using H-NMR spectroscopy with a chiral lanthanide shift reagent, Eu(hfc)3. This enantiomer was also detected in the oils of lavender, lavandin and bergamot using complexation gas chromatography on Ni(hfc) 2, and... 

Ravid U, Putievsky E, BassatM, Ikan R, Weinstein V, Isolation of optically pure (—)-linalyl acetate from clary sage, Salvia dominica L., lavender and lavandin,... 

Concretes, which are actually intermediate products (see below), are prepared mainly from flowers (rose, jasmine, tuberose, jonquil, ylang-ylang, mimosa, boronia, etc.), but also from other plant materials (lavender, lavandin, geranium, clary sage, violet leaves, oak moss, etc.). A yield of ca. 0.3% based on the starting flower material, is obtained in the production of jasmine concrete. 

Spike plants grow wild in the entire Mediterranean area and prefer warmer, lower-lying regions than lavender and lavandin. Oil is primarily produced from plants cultivated in Spain in comparison to lavender and lavandin oils, only small quantities are produced annually. FCT 1976 (14) p.453 [8016-78-2], [97722-12-8]. 

Lavandin oil is obtained by steam distillation of freshly cut flowering tops of lavandin, which is a hybrid of lavender and spike Lavandula angustifolia Mill, x Lavandula latifolia Medik.). It is a pale yellow to amber liquid with a lavender-like and a slightly camphoraceous note. 

Lavandin plants are sterile and can be propagated only by using cuttings. The oils from the most important varieties, abrial and grosso, contain linalool (26-38/ 24-35%) and linalyl acetate (20-29/28-38%) as major constituents as well as 1,8-cineole (6-11/4-7%) and camphor (7-11/6-8%) [594-601]. A third variety is called super because its oil contains a high concentration of linalyl acetate (35-47%), and, thus, resembles lavender oil most closely. 

Although lavender oil is more valuable than lavandin oil as a fragrance raw material, lavandin plants are more commonly cultivated because they give a higher yield of oil (ca. 50-100 kg/ha) and are hardier than lavender plants. 

Lavender and lavandin extracts are also commercially important and are produced in southern France by solvent extraction of flowering lavander and lavandin herbs. Production of lavandin concrete is higher than that of lavender. Extraction of the paste-like concretes with ethanol, followed by evaporation, yields absolutes. These extracts differ from the essential oils in being more soluble and in... 

For hundreds of years the essential oil of lavender has been well appreciated for perfumery purposes [72]. Lavender oil is obtained by steam distillation from the fresh-flowering tops of Lavandula angustifolia Miller (Lavandula officinalis Chaix) [73]. It is a colourless or pale yellow, clear liquid, with a fresh, sweet, floral, herbaceous odour on a woody balsamic base [73, 74]. According to the European Pharmacopoeia, characteristic components of lavender oils are limonene, cineol, 3-octanone, camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, lavandulyl acetate, lavandulol and a-terpineol. Adulterations commonly include blends of lavender oils with lavandin oil or spike oil, and the addition of synthetic linalool and linalyl acetate. In contrast, genuine lavender oils contain as main constituents (i )-linalyl acetate and (i )-linalool of high enantiomeric purity (Fig. 17.14). 

Camphor (C10H160) Found in essential oils of ho leaf, lavandin, spike lavender, rosemary and sage. An important compound used in many applications including medical preparations, but it is classified as toxic. 

Linalyl acetate (3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-yl acetate) Found in essential oils of bergamot, lavender, lavandin, spike lavender, Clary sage, neroli and petitgrain. Floral, fruity, sweet and herbaceous odour. 

Lavandin essential oil is often sold as lavender essential oil but is much cheaper. It is made from a hybrid plant bred from true lavender and spike lavender. The true lavender grows at high altitudes (between 600 and 2000 metres above... 

Lavandin is produced by a hybrid plant Lavandula intermedia or Lavandula hybrida, which was bred by crossing the true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) with spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia). Lavandin is sometimes called bastard lavender. Hybrids are widespread in horticulture, where they are bred to produce plants with the desired properties of the parents. The lavandin plants are easier to grow at lower altitudes (400-600 metres), yielding almost twice as much oil as the true lavender plant. Again, this is economically favourable and lavandin essential oil is particularly useful for the cosmetic and fragrance industries. 

Lavandin Oil, Abrial Type, occurs as a pale yellow to yellow liquid with a slight, camphoraceous odor that is strongly suggestive of lavender. It is obtained by steam distillation of the fresh flowering tops of a hybrid, Lavandula abrialis unofficial (Fam. Labiatae), of true lavender, Lavandula officinalis, or of spike lavender, Lavandula latifolia. It is soluble in most... 

LAVANDIN ABSOLUTE see LCAOOO LAVANDIN BENZOL ABSOLUTE see LCAOOO LAVANDIN OIL see LCAOOO LAVANDULYL ACETATE see LCAIOO LAVATAR see CMY800 LAVENDEL OEL (GERMAN) see LCDOOO LAVENDER OIL see LCDOOO LAVENDER OIL, SPIKE see SLB500 LAVOFLAGIN see ABY900... 

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