Latent risks

Perovskite materials show outstanding thermal and mechanical stability at temperatures typical for the performance of SOFCs in contrast with the standard Ni/YSZ cermet, where nickel sintering and agglomeration are latent risks [144],... 

The calculated latent risk to workers is very small compared with the acute risk. 

Change the organizational culture to a safety culture that recognizes the inevitability of error and actively seeks to identify and remove latent risks. 

Opposition, initially based on unproven fears of latent risks to the environment and to consumer health, as well as on the aggressive tactics used by such multinational chemical companies to move into and dominate food production systems, has intensified as evidence of risks has accumulated in recent years. For example, Danish researchers have produced findings that the new genes added to such crops can and do flow to related plants in the natural environment British researchers have demonstrated that genetically-modified potatoes harm the health of laboratory test animals Brazilian health officials have confirmed that consumers allergic to nuts have been harmed by unlabeled foods containing nut genes and American researchers have found that new pest resistant com interferes with the life cycle of the Monarch butterfly (Bureau of National Affairs, 2000 Baram 2000). 

Most people will tolerate greater risk from activities when the threat to life is offset in time from when the risk (and the benefit) is originally accepted. For example, people may feel worse (and usually accept less risk) about a threat of immediate harm (e.g., the blast wave from an explosion) than a threat of latent harm (e.g., an increase in the chance of getting a fatal disease following a 20-year exposure to a hazardous material, like asbestos), even though the risks may be equivalent. 

Although the consequences of the high-risk accident sequences may vary from one PSA to another, all PSAs attempt to evaluate realistically, the consequences of hypothetical accident sequences. Expending on the scope of the PSA, these evaluations may include an estimation of the number of latent cancers, the number of immediate fatalities, the probability of core damage, or a number of other consequence measures. 

Primary emphasis is often placed on the frequently occurring initiators, but they may not present the largest public health risk. To gain a perception of the relative importance of various initiators, Table 6.3-6 from Taylor et al, (1986) shows an ordering of the accident initiators for Indian Point 3 by Inspection Importance (Section 2.8.2) which considers both frequency of occurrence and health effects based on of one or more latent fatalities. 

Latent cancer is calculated to be the primary risk from a nuclear accident (this may be due to the conservatism in the low-dose models). At Chernobyl, most of the deaths were from fire and impact. Chemical process risk depends on the chemicals being processed. Experience shows that processing poisons poses the highest risk to public and workers. 

Previously, the facility had several mullimillion dollar accidents, and near misses. After each accident, investigations were made and corrective actions taken. However the large fire precipitated a risk evaluation of the entire mining complex to find latent accidents. 

Latent Cancer Risk at Indian Point site if the Reactor were one of the five types shown 10... 

As a result, organic fruit growers have to make maximum use of preventative or indirect plant protection measures, some of which were already described in terms of their effect on fruit quality (e.g. lower planting densities, see sections above). However, there remains an increased risk for pests and diseases causing stress, decreased photosynthetic activity and capacity. Also in certain sensitive cultivars, the application of permitted plant protection products (such as lime sulphur) can result in phytotoxic effects or latent stress in trees (Palmer et al, 2002). The decrease in photosynthetic activity by both pest/disease attack and pesticides may, in turn, result in reduced fruit quality. Both long-term latent and short-term acute side effects of organic plant protection products have not yet been sufficiently investigated. 

Individual dose assessment requires radiological data on all external and internal sources contributing to occupational and non-occupational radiation exposure (Steinhausler and Pohl, 1983). This is of particular importance in the case of low level Rn-d exposure, as man is always exposed to Rn-d at varying levels through all stages of life, e.g. at school, home or work. The resulting lifetime risk from this chronic exposure is influenced by the latent... 

A casualty with known or potential exposure to carbon monoxide blood agents but who shows no signs of neurological or cardiac abnormalities, and does not complain of discomfort (e.g., headache, difficulty breathing, etc.). If available, breath measurement indicates that the blood carbon monoxide level is less than 10%. Anyone with potential exposure to metal carbonyls should be transported to a medical facility for evaluation because of the risk of latent chemical pneumonitis from inhalation of these agents. 

Interestingly, many forms of partial epilepsy are characterized by a seizure-free interval lasting months to years between the occurrence of the causative insult and the emergence of epilepsy termed the latent period , this provides a valuable window of opportunity during which pharmacologic intervention might be implemented in high-risk individuals so that development of epilepsy could be prevented. 

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