Latent phase

After this initial phase of infection subsides, the free viral load in the blood declines, often to almost undetectable levels. This latent phase may last for anything up to 10 years or more. During this phase, however, there does seem to be continuous synthesis and destruction of viral particles. This is accompanied by a high turnover rate of (CD4+) T-helper lymphocytes. The levels of these T-lymphocytes decline with time, as does antibody levels specific for viral proteins. The circulating viral load often increases as a result, and the depletion of T-helper cells compromises general immune function. As the immune system fails, classical symptoms of AIDS-related complex (ARC) and, finally, full-blown AIDS begin to develop. 

Herpesviruses are associated with a broad spectrum of diseases, e.g., cold sores, viral encephalitis, and genital infections, the latter being a hazard to the newborn during parturition. The drugs that are effective against these viruses exert their actions during the acute phase of viral infections and are without effect in the latent phase. Except for foscar-net, all are purine or pyrimidine analogs that inhibit viral DNA synthesis. 

Self-monltorlng on the part of the patient makes it possible to identify the beginning of water accumulation in the organism (> 1 litre), a reduced lactulose effect (which is inadequate for intestinal detoxification) and/or a latent phase of hepatic encephalopathy. In such cases, immediate outpatient treatment is generally reliable and swift in its therapeutic success. 

Different methods of kidney imaging have shown that Balkan nephropathy patients with chronic renal failure have symmetrically shrunken kidneys with smooth surface and no calcifications [90]. The time at which the shrinking occurs remains to be determined. While some authors suggest that the size of the kidneys remains normal in patients in the latent phase of the disease and with normal renal function, others report cases of shrunken kidneys in patients in an early phase with normal glomerular filtration rate, and it was even proposed that the disease was characterized with primarily small kidneys [98, 110, 112]. As ultrasound became a standard imaging method in the evaluation of kidney dimensions, several recent studies that used this method showed diminished kidney length and cortex width in members of Balkan nephropathy families with normal kidney function [113, 114]. Besides,... 

Latency Delayed onset of disease with few or no clinical signs during the latent phase may delay recognition that infection has already occurred. 

Skin of the face, chest, and neck will have a shorter latent phase than the skin of the palms of the hands and the skin of the feet Especially with beta exposure... 

Clinical Course of Radiation Sickness. The three syndromes described follow a similar clinical pattern that can be divided into three phases an initial or prodromal phase occurring during the first few hours after exposure a latent phase, which becomes shorter with increasing dose and the manifest phase of clinical illness. 

AUGMENTATION OF DYSFUNCTIONAL LABOR To augment hypotonic contractions in dysfunctional labor, it rarely is necessary to exceed an infusion rate of 10 mlU/min, and doses of >20 mlU/min rarely are effective when lower concentrations fail. Potential complications of overstimulation include trauma of the mother or fetus due to forced passage through an incompletely dilated cervix, uterine rupture, and compromised fetal oxygenation due to decreased uterine perfusion. Oxytocin usually is effective when there is a prolonged latent phase of cervical dilation and when, in the absence of cephalopelvic disproportion, there is an arrest of dilation or descent. 

In accordance with the model of so-called latent phase clusters (LPC) [2] the energy of LPC formation from a vapor phase can be expressed as ... 

For the nucleation from a solution the left side of the equation should be substituted by ln(c/co) where c and Co are corresponding concentrations. At the maximum of ln(c/co)=f(r) (at the maximum of supersaturation) the LPC are potential centers of crystallization and latent phase-to-crystal phase transition takes place. 

Decreased lymphocytes, leukocytes, and erythrocytes occur in the latent phase and can last for 3 weeks or more. 

Respiratory decline consists of an inability of liver tissue from rats in the latent phase of dietary necrotii liver degeneration to maintain normal respiratory activity in vitro (Fig. 2). Whereas a vitamin E-supplemented liver will continue at approximately the initial rate of oxygen consumption for a period of 4-6 hours, the deficient liver tissue declines in oxidation after the first half-hour, so that during the 60-90 minute interval only approximately 20 % of the initial oxygen consumption is observed. 

Fig. 2. Respiratory decline of liver slices during the latent phase of necrotic liver degeneration (Chemick et al., 1955).

Respiratory decline, characteristic of vitamin E-deficient liver tissue during the prenecrotic phase of dietary necrotic liver degeneration, consists of the breakdown of respiration in vitro, after brief, initial periods of normal oxygen consumption. The phenomenon is observed with liver slices and also homogenates, but not with isolated mitochondria from the livers of animals during the latent phase of the disease. Respiratory decline is not related to the rate of peroxide formation in the homogenate. Combination experiments disclosed that miorosomes exert a deleterious effect on the... 

In the lag (or latent) phase there is only a small increase in numbers as the bacteria... 

The high accuracy of this method permitted for the first time the study of oxygen doping of 123-Ox in very small intervals. This is conditio sine qua non for the discovery of latent phase transitions and lattice changes (Rusiecki et al. 1990, Conder et al. 1994a, Kaldis 1997, Kaldis et al. 1997b) (sect. 6). 

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