Laser Ablation-ICP

Another improvement that will allow quick simultaneous oligoelement homogeneity determinations in milligram samples can be expected by the use of solid sampling ETV-ICP-MS/AES and laser ablation ICP-MS which are now being studied in detail (Moens et al. 1995 Schiffer and Krivan 1999 Dobney et al. 2000). 

Laser Ablation ICP Optical Emission Spectrometry ICP Mass Spectrometry Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis... 

Gunther D, Heimich CA (1999) Enhanced sensitivity in laser ablation-ICP mass spectrometry using helium-argon mixtures as aerosol carrier. J Anal At Spectrom 14 1363-1368 Habfast K (1998) Fractionation correction and multiple collectors in thermal ionization isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Inti J Mass Spectrom 176 133-148... 

Horn I, Rudnick RL, McDonongh WF (2000) Precise elemental and isotope ratio determination by simultaneous solution nebnlization and laser ablation-ICP-MS Application to U-Pb geochronology. ChemGeol 164 281-301... 

There are two principal sources of reliable partitioning data for any trace element glassy volcanic rocks and high temperature experiments. For the reasons outlined above, both sources rely on analytical techniques with high spatial resolution. Typically these are microbeam techniques, such as electron-microprobe (EMPA), laser ablation ICP-MS, ion-microprobe secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) or proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). 

There are a few drawbacks to this method. Using 4 or 5 TIMS measurements to produce a U-series date profile across a bone is time consuming, although a single reliable U-series date is surely worth hundreds where the accuracy is not known. In future, the application of Laser-Ablation ICP-MS to measuring profiles will significantly reduce the analytical effort required to obtain a date. 

Figure 11. U concentration profile and profile measured using laser ablation ICP-MS across...

Laser ablation ICP-AES and LA-ICP-MS were also proposed for rapid, direct analysis of tablets containing metallic species.194 Compendial heavy metal tests based on wet chemistry are among the most labor-intensive tasks in pharmaceutical laboratories. Both ICP-MS and ICP-OES have been proposed as alternatives for compendial methods and have the advantages of smaller sample size, element-specific information, quantitation, rapid sample throughput, and significantly improved accuracy.195-198... 

Laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) was established in the early 1990s as a potential routine tool for the measurement of trace and ultra-trace elements in silicate systems for geology. Early studies (Perkins et al. 1993) used sample preparation techniques identical to that used to prepare rock samples for WDXRF, i.e., either a pressed powder disk or a glass bead fusion method (see Appendix VIII). Such studies concluded that LA-ICP-MS had the potential to surpass XRF in terms of the limits of detection achieved and INAA in terms of the speed of analysis (Perkins et al. 1993 481). It has long been recognized that the main limit on the quantitative performance of LA-ICP-MS is the homogeneity at the trace and ultra-trace level of the solid calibration standards available. Subsequent work (e.g., Hollecher and Ruiz 1995, Norman et al. 1996) has demonstrated that some of the international... 

Cousin, H. and Magyar, B. (1994). Precision and accuracy of laser ablation-ICP-MS analysis of rare earth elements with external calibration. Mikrochimica Acta 113 313-323. 

Eastwood, W. J., Pearce, N. J. G., Westgate, J. A., and Perkins, W. T. (1998). Recognition of Santorini (Minoan) tephra in lake sediments from Golhisar Golii, southwest Turkey by laser ablation ICP-MS. Journal of Archaeological Science 25 677-687. 

Evans, R. D., Richner, P., and Outridge, P.M. (1995). Micro-spatial variations of heavy metals in the teeth of Walrus as determined by laser ablation ICP-MS The potential for reconstructing a history of metal exposure. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 28 55-60. 

Garbe-Schonberg, C. D., Reimann, C., and Pavlov, V. A. (1997). Laser ablation ICP-MS analyses of tree-ring profiles in pine and birch from N Norway and NW Russia -a reliable record of the pollution history of the area Environmental Geology 32 9 16. 

Gratuze, B. (1999). Obsidian characterization by laser ablation ICP-MS and its application to prehistoric trade in the Mediterranean and the Near East sources and distribution of obsidian within the Aegean and Anatolia. Journal of Archaeological Science 26 869-881. 

Eggins SM, Rudnick RL, McDonough WE (1998) The composition of peridotites and their minerals a laser-ablation ICP-MS study. Earth Planet Sci Lett 154 53-71... 

Keywords Rare-Earth-Elements, Sulfide, Laser Ablation ICP-MS... 

Electron-microprobe analyses were conducted with the assistance of Douglas Hall (UNB). Laser-ablation ICP-MS... 

McClenaghan, S.H., Lentz, D.R., Martin, J., Diegor, W.G. 2009. Gold in the Brunswick No. 12 volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Bathurst Mining Camp, Canada Evidence from bulk-ore analysis and laser-ablation ICP—MS data on sulfide phases. Mineralium Deposita, in press. 

Ballihaut, G., Tastet, L., Pecheyran, C., Bouyssiere, B., Donard, O., Grimaud, R., and Lobinski, R., Biosynthesis, purification and analysis of selenomethionyl calmodulin by gel electrophoresis-laser ablation-ICP-MS and capillary HPLC-ICP-MS peptide mapping following in-gel tryptic digestion. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 20(6), 493 99, 2005. 

A method for the determination of selenomethionine in yeast by a combination of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and dried droplet laser ablation ICP-MS using a species... 

For direct isotope ratio measurements on solid samples, laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) is applied to an increasing extent in geology, geochronology, biology and environmental research.6... 

An important parameter in order to avoid elemental fractionation in laser ablation ICP-MS is the laser power density ( ) which is a function of laser energy, of laser pulse duration and focusing conditions, as described in the following equation ... 

Figure 21-30 Microscopic crater ablated into a mussel shell by 10 pulses from a 266-nm laser with a beam energy of 4.5 mJ per 10-ns pulse and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. [From V. R. Bellolto and N. Miekely, "Improvements In Calibration Procedures lor the Quantitative Determination ot Trace Elements in Carbonate Material (Mussel Shells) by Laser Ablation ICP-MS" fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 2000,367,635]... 

Inorganic pigments and lakes (organic dyes bonded to an inorganic support) can be recognized by the ratio of elements in their composition, making elemental analysis an important tool in their identification. EDS may facilitate an initial qualitative analysis, but quantitative analysis and the detection of trace elements are needed to identify the inorganic colorant components. Due to sample size restrictions, the methods that can be employed are limited. The techniques of inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ICP-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and laser ablation ICP-MS are described in the literature (56). 

---