Laryngeal tumor

Acetaldehyde and cancer Laboratory animal studies indicate that exposure through inhalation to vapors of acetaldehyde causes nasal tumors in rats and laryngeal tumors in hamsters. However, no adequate data are available regarding acetaldehyde as a human carcinogen. The U.S. EPA has classified acetaldehyde as group 2B that is, it is a possible human carcinogen. - - ... 

Inhalation exposure to acetaldehyde has produced nasal tumors in rats and laryngeal tumors in hamsters. Male and female rats were exposed to acetaldehyde 6hday , 5 day week for 28 months at concentrations of 0, 750, 1500, or 3000 ppm. A concentration-related incidence of squamous cell carcinomas of the respiratory epithelium was observed in both male and female rats. A statistically significant number of adenocarcinomas occurred in the olfactory epithelium of both sexes of rats exposed at all three acetaldehyde concentrations. Male and female hamsters were exposed to acetaldehyde 7hday, 5 day week at concentrations gradually reduced from 2500 to 1650 ppm for 52 weeks. Both sexes of acetaldehyde-exposed hamsters developed laryngeal tumors consisting of squamous cell carcinomas and adenosquamous cell carcinomas. 

Table 13.4. Multi-slice CT protocol for laryngeal tumor imaging...

Becker M (1998) Diagnosis and staging of laryngeal tumors with CT and MRl. Radiologe 38 93-100... 

Chronic inhalation of acetaldehyde produced tumors of the respiratory tract in rats and hamsters. The incidence of laryngeal carcinomas was increased in hamsters exposed for... 

The use of 5-FU in combination with radiotherapy has shown improved survival in various malignancies including unresectable pancreatic cancer, resectable pancreatic cancer, Dukes B2 and C rectal cancer, esophageal cancer, and hepatobiliary cancer (Table 2). Similarly, 5-FU with concurrent radiation has also been used for organ preservation in different tumors involving bladder cancer, anal cancer, and laryngeal cancer (Table 3). 

The largest meta-analysis is the Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer (MACH-NC) study evaluating 63 trials with a total of 10,741 patients (Table 2) (69). MACH-NC assessed individual data rather than literature-based data with the inclusion of updated data and unpublished trials. For two-thirds of the trials, individual data were updated to a median follow-up of 6.8 yr. The meta-analysis was subcategorized into locoregional treatment with and without concomitant chemotherapy, induction/adju-vant chemotherapy, and laryngeal preservation with induction chemotherapy rather than definitive treatment for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors. 

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the larynx is rare, representing less than 1% of all laryngeal carcinomas. These tumors have been categorized in a similar fashion to lung tumors, into oat cell type, intermediate, and combined. The first two tumor types have typical neuroendocrine differentiation and show... 

HUMAN HEALTH RISKS Acute Risks demiatitis burns coughing laryngitis headaches nausea destructive to mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, eyes and skin chemical pneumonitis pulmonary edema Chronic Risks chronic bronchitis tumors cancer. 

Fig. 2. Restriction enzyme analysis and Southern-blot hybridization of human tumor DNA. Human tumor DNA (20 p-g) was isolated (16) and digested with coRI restriction enzyme, electrophoresed on a 0.8% agarose gel (A shows the ethidium-bromide stain) and after Southern transfer, probed with P-labeled pcD-p(ADP-ribose) polymerase cDNA, (B). Lanes 1, Human placental DNA 2, Laryngeal squamous ceU carcinoma (SQ-20B) 3, Lung adenocarcinoma (A549) 4, Cervical carcinoma (HeLaSs) Ewing s sarcoma (A4573) 6, normal human fibroblasts (NHF). Marker-lambda-DNA.

P-Elemene is a natural sesquiterpene isolated from the EO of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (Zingiberaceae). They showed antiproliferative effects on several cell lines. The results of in vitro tests exhibited growth inhibition of laryngeal cancer cells. Hep-2-cells were transplanted into nude mice for in vivo tests. p-Elemene was also able to inhibit the growth of those induced tumors. The inhibitory rate of p-elemene (40 pg/mL) was 73.7% + 4.4%. The antiproliferative effect was found to be related to the cell cycle arrest, the induction of apoptosis, and the inhibition of metastasis (Dai et al.,2013). 

An unusual acute anaphylactic-like syndrome that resembles septic shock has been observed in some HIV-infected patients following the administration of co-trimoxazole. The severe systemic reaction is characterized by fever, hypotension, and pulmonary infiltrates, but absence of bron-chospasm and laryngeal edema are points of difference with classic anaphylaxis. Because of the similarities between this hypotensive syndrome and septic shock, it has been suggested that tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a mediator of septic shock, is released during episodes of the syndrome. However, TNF and IgE antibodies to co-trimoxazole were not detected and there was no depression of complement in a patient who responded with a second episode of shock after being rechallenged with the drug combination. 

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