Curcuma aromatica

Curcuma aromatica Salisbury China Curzerenone, curzenene, furanodiene, furanodienone, zederone, curculone, curcumenol, procurcumenol, curcumadiol, curdione, curcumin, turmerone, zingiberene.33-510 This herb is toxic. Inhibit mutagenesis and tumor promotion, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-infectious, anti-HIV. 

Hoya camosa (L. F.) R. Brown Curcuma aromatica, C. longa L. 

Curcuma aromatica, C. kwangsiensis, C. zedoaria Thymus vulgaris Viscum album... 

Lycium barbarum, L. megistocarpum, L. ovatum, L. trewianum, L. turbinatum, Physalis alkekengi, Taraxacum mongolicum, T. sinicum Curcuma aromatica, C. kwangsiensis, C. longa, C. zedoaria Curcuma pallida, C. phaeocoulis... 

Anagalis arvensis, Cucurbita maxima Curcuma longa, Santalum album Curcuma aromatica Quercus robur Prunus mume Jatropha gospiifolia... 

Curcumin Commiphora (Burseraceae), Cassia (Fabaceae), Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) spp. [oil] Curcuma aromatica, C. bnga (turmeric), TYR (47) [50] (CDPK,... 

Curcumol (4) obtained from Curcuma aromatica was tested and found to be effective against cancer of the uterine cervix. Oridonin (5) isolated from Rabdosia spp. is now undergoing clinical trials in China. 

A widely distributed group of sesquiterpenes in the plant kingdom, e.g., from Curcuma aromatica, a ginger plant, and Nectandra elaiophora (Lauraceae) (see table below). 

Naturally occurring camphanes include the bomeols with an endo hydroxy group, the isobomeols with an exo OH and 2-camphanone (2-bonanone) referred to as camphor. (+)-Bomeol from the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) and from the roots of ginger-like Curcuma aromatica (Zingiberaceae), both of which grow in Eastern Asia, is known as Borneo camphor. (-)-Isobomeol was isolated from Achillea filipendulina (Asteraceae). 

Steam distillation is the standard method used for the determination of volatile oil. In British Pharmacopoeia, the dimension of the essential oil apparatus was specified, since all parts of the apparatus affect the yield of the volatile oil and avoid any controversy in the quality of the herbs. This method is usually employed to determine high volatile oil content herbs. Aromdee et al steam distilled various species of curcumas. Curcuma aromatica, C. aeruginosa by the method described in BP using xylene as an organic entraptor. They found the volatile oils in C. aromatica was 0.88-0.96% v/wet wt (Aromdee, 2010), where as C. aeruginosa was 0.55-0.42% v/wet wt (Aromdee, 2007). The content of volatile oil in other species of curcuma. 

P-Elemene is a natural sesquiterpene isolated from the EO of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (Zingiberaceae). They showed antiproliferative effects on several cell lines. The results of in vitro tests exhibited growth inhibition of laryngeal cancer cells. Hep-2-cells were transplanted into nude mice for in vivo tests. p-Elemene was also able to inhibit the growth of those induced tumors. The inhibitory rate of p-elemene (40 pg/mL) was 73.7% + 4.4%. The antiproliferative effect was found to be related to the cell cycle arrest, the induction of apoptosis, and the inhibition of metastasis (Dai et al.,2013). 

Al-Reza, S.M., A. Rahman, M.A. Sattar et al., 2010. Essential oil composition and antioxidant activities of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. 48(6) 1757-1760. 

Germacrone (118), (+) -germacrone-4,5-epoxide (119), and curdione (120) isolated from Curcuma aromatica, which has been used as crude drug, were incubated with A. niger. From compound 119 (700 mg), two naturally occurring metabolites, zedoarondiol (121) and isozedoarondiol (122), were obtained (Takahashi, 1994). Compound 119 was cultured in callus of Curcuma zedoaria and C. aromatica to give the same secondary metabolites 121, 122, and 124 (Sakui et al., 1988) (Figures 20.40 and 20.41). 

FIGURE 20.41 Biotransformation of germacrone (118) by Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma aromatica cells. 

Curdione (120) was also treated in Aspergillus niger to afford two allylic alcohols (133,134) and a spirolactone (135). Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma wenyujin produced spirolactone (135) which might be formed from curdione via trans-annular reaction in vivo was biotransformed to spirolactone diol (135) (Asakawa et al., 1991 Sakui et al., 1992) (Figure 15.44). 

Isol. from oil of Andropogon odoratus, Curcuma aromatica and other plants. Needles (EtOH). Mp 170-172° (sinters). 

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