Larrea tridentata

One consequence of the shift from grassland to shrubland is the potential for significant increases in volatile hydrocarbons added to the atmosphere. The leaves of creosotebush, Larrea tridentata, yielded 0.1 to 0.2 percent of a complex mixture of volatile compounds. That mixture contains several hundred compounds of which 100 accounted for more than 90% of the total volatiles (23). The volatiles that were identified included four monoterpene hydrocarbons, four oxygenated monoterpenes, six sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, eight aromatics like benzyl acetate and ethyl benzoate, plus... 

Fig. 2.70 Map of transects from Encelia farinosa study where circle size represents concentration differences and transects from Larrea tridentata study. Map of transects from Encelia farinosa study where eastern (E) and western (W) types are identified...

Fig. 2.71 Compound 229 from Larrea tridentata. Compounds 230-233, flavonoids from Chryso-splenium glechomaefolium. Compounds 234-236, flavonoids from Quercus rubrsi...

Table 7.1 Flavonoid aglycones from leaf surfaces of Larrea tridentata and L. divaricata (from Mabry et al., 1977)...

Downum, K. R., Dole, J. and Rodriguez, E. 1988. Nordihyroguaiaretic acid inter- and intrapop-ulational variation in the Sonoran Desert creosote bush (Larrea tridentata, Zygophyllaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 16 551-555... 

Herbal remedies that have been reported to be he-patotoxic include chaparral (Larrea tridentata), germander (Teucrium chamaedrys), and life root (Senecio aureus) [18]. Cases reported patients developing jaundice, fatigue, pruritus, markedly elevated serum liver enzyme levels, severe cholestasis, hepatitis, and hepatocellular injury or necrosis documented by serial liver biopsies [19-21]. Signs and symptoms may occur as early as 3 weeks to as late as 7 months following ingestion [20,21]. 

Plant parts often differ in their levels of secondary metabolites (Table 11.4), some containing extremely high levels. For example, the creosote bush, Larrea tridentata, of the western United States has phenolic resins concentrated in leaves, amounting to as much as 18% of dry weight. In experiments, desert woodrats, Neotoma lepida, selected plant parts of creosote bush with low levels of resins (Meyer and Karazov 1989). 

Meyer, M. W. and Karasov, W. H. (1989). Antiherbivore chemistry of Larrea tridentata effects on woodrat Neotoma lepida) feeding and nutrition. Ecology 70,953-961. 

Larrea tridentata occurs throughout the Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan Deserts. Its distribution extends from southern California northeast through southern Nevada to the southwest corner of Utah and southeast through southern Arizona and New Mexico to western Texas and north-central Mexico. It is known to attain ages of several thou-... 

Gene expression inhibition. Chloroform/ methanol extract (1 1) of the dried leaf, in cell culture, was active on hepatoma-Cos-7, IC50 600.0 pg/mL vs TAT-dependent activation of HIV promoter hioassay - . Hepatotoxic activity. The leaf, taken orally by a female adult, was active - . A patient consumed 15 tablets of the leaf per day for 4 months. Approximately 1 year after stopping consumption, liver enzymes returned to normal and fatigue was no longer a complaint - ". Infusion of the dried leaf, taken orally by a female adult at variable doses, was active. The 60-year-old woman who took Lama tridentata for 10 months developed severe hepatitis for which no other cause could be found. Despite aggressive supportive therapy, the patient s condition deteriorated and required orthotropic liver transplantation - " . Dried leaves, administered orally to adults at variable doses, were active. A public warning has been issued by the US Centers for Disease Control based on reports of liver toxicity after use of Lama tridentata tea - " k Dried leaves, administered orally to adults of both sexes at variable doses, were active - ". The plant, administered orally to adults at variable doses, was active - ". Dried leaves, administered orally to adults at variable doses, were active. One case of hepatotoxicity induced by Larrea tridentata taken as a nutritional supplement was reported - ". Thirteen patients were identified for whom Larrea tridentata tincture for internal use was prescribed. Additionally, 20 female and three male patients were identified from whom an extract of Larrea tridentata in castor oil for... 

Smith, B. G., and P. V. Desmond. Acute hepatitis induced by ingestion of the herbal medication Chaparral. Aust N Z J Med 1993 23(5) 526. Gnabre, J. N., Y. Ito, Y. Ma, and R. C. Huang. Isolation of anti-HIV-1 lignans from Larrea tridentata by counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A... 

LT023 Sakakibara, M., T. J. Mabry, M. L. Bouillant, and J. Chopin. 6,8-Di-C-glucosylflavones from Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae). Phytochemistry... 

LT024 Zamora, J. M., and E. C. Mora. Cytotoxic, antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Larrea tridentata Cav. Diss Abstr Int B 1985 45(12) 3809-3810. 

LT025 Fronczek, F. R., P. Caballero, N. H. Fischer, S. Fernandez, E. Hernandez, and L. M. Hurtado. The molecular structure of 3 -demethoxynorisoguai-acin triacetate from creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). J Nat Prod 1987 50(3) 497-499. 

LT026 Gonzalez-Coloma, A., C. S. Wisdom, and P. W. Rundel. Ozone impact on the antioxidant nordihydroguaiaretic acid content in the external leaf resin of Larrea tridentata. Biochem Syst Ecol... 

LT028 Xue, H. Z., Z. Z. Lu, C. Konno, et al. 3-Beta-(3,4 dihydroxycinnamoyl) erythrodiol and 3-beta-(-4-hydroxy-cinnamoyl) erythrodiol from Larrea tridentata. Phytochemistry 1988 27(1) 233-235. 

LT029 Nebelkopf, E. Herbs and cancer. Part II. Herbalist 1981 6(1) 26-39. LT030 Bernhard, H. O., and K. Thiele. Additional flavonoids from the leaves of Larrea tridentata. Planta Med 1981 41 100-103. 

LT035 Konno, C., A. M. Martin, B. X. Ma, et al. Search for fertility regulating agents from Larrea tridentata. Proc First Princess Chulabhorn Science Congress Bangkok 1989 1989 328-337. 

LT043 Heosn, S., and E. Yarnell. The safety of low-dose Larrea tridentata (DG) Goville (creosote bush or chaparral) A retrospective clinical study. J Alt Complement Med 2001 7(2) 175-185. 

LT046 Granados, H., and R. Gardenas. Biliary calculi in the golden hamster. XXXVII. The prophylactic action of the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) in pigmented cholelithiasis produced by vitamin A. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 1994 59(1) 31-35. 

LT048 Moinuddin, S. G., S. Hishiyama, M. H. Cho, L. B. Davin, and N. G. Lewis. Synthesis and chiral HPLC analysis of the dibenzyltetrahydrofuran lignans, larreatricins, 8 -epi-larreatricins, 3,3 -didemethoxyverrucosins and meso-3,3 -didemethoxynectandrin B in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) evidence for regiospecific control of coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2003 1(13) 2307-2313. 

Black bush United States Larrea tridentata... 

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