Laminates laminates

Laminates, plastic Laminating Laminating resins Lamination... 

Laminates. Laminate manufacture involves the impregnation of a web with a Hquid phenoHc resin in a dip-coating operation. Solvent type, resin concentration, and viscosity determine the degree of fiber penetration. The treated web is dried in an oven and the resin cures, sometimes to the B-stage (semicured). Final resin content is between 30 and 70%. The dry sheet is cut and stacked, ready for lamination. In the curing step, multilayers of laminate are stacked or laid up in a press and cured at 150—175°C for several hours. The resins are generally low molecular weight resoles, which have been neutralized with the salt removed. Common carrier solvents for the varnish include acetone, alcohol, and toluene. Alkylated phenols such as cresols improve flexibiUty and moisture resistance in the fused products. 

Most laminated safety glarings are glass—PVB—glass tdlayer composites, but bullet- and projectile-resistant laminates. Laminates for other specialty uses maybe made with more than three layers. In addition to glass, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), acryUc, and polycarbonate stmctural components (92) are used in specialty laminated glaring products. 

Laminated plates are one of the simplest and most widespread practical applications of composite laminates. Laminated beams are, of course, simpler. However, such essentially one-dimensional structural elements do not display well the unique two-dimensional capabilities and characteristics of composite laminates. 

Of the two hot precompacted laminates (Laminates 3 and 4), the wet exposed laminate was of significantly poorer quality. The attenuation ranges for Laminate 3 was from 30 to 62 dB, whereas that for Laminate 4 was 10 to 42 dB. Because the hot precompaction temperature was only 66°C (150°F), the additional porosity should not be due to voids caused by the vaporization of absorbed moisture, but is more likely due to voids caused by air trapped during collation. The wet exposed prepreg exhibited a noticeable increase in tack that could contribute to increased air entrapment during collation. 

All four laminates were autoclave processed using the standard cure cycle discussed previously. After processing, all four laminates were ultrasonically inspected. The results are presented in Figure 10.13. As expected, the dry-hot precompacted laminate (Laminate 4) was... 

Cabinet liner laminates - [LAMINATED MATERIALS, PLASTIC] (Vol 14)... 

Phenolics - [BUILDINGMATERIALS-PLASTIC] (Vol 4) -m plywood [BUILDING MATERIALS - SURVEY] (Vol 4) -m reconstituted wood products (BUILDING MATERIALS - SURVEY] (Vol 4) - [COLORANTS FOR PLASTICS] (Vol 6) -electroless plating of [ELECTROLESS PLATING] (Vol 9) -m laminates [LAMINATED MATERIALS, PLASTiq (Vol 14)... 

Laminates. Laminates are made by pressing paper or cloth saturated with MF resin under pressure and temperature onto a core material. Laminates are used in cabinets, furniture, kitchen countertops, bathroom countertops, flooring and various types ofpaneling. 

Laminates. The combination of an adhesive and an adherent is a laminate, a type of composite. Commercial laminates are produced on a large scale with wood as the adherent and phenolic, urea, epoxy, resorcinol, or polyester resins as the adhesive. Plywood is an example of a laminate. Laminates of paper or textile include Formica and Micarta. Laminates of phenolic, nylon, or silicone resins with cotton, asbestos, paper, or glass textiles are used as mechanical, electrical, and general purpose structural materials. 

Flow laminations, laminations caused by inner gliding surfaces, and cutting laminations, all can be distinguished to varying degrees in the extrusion of plastic bodies, independent of the extrusion method employed, e.g. piston extrusion presses, single-shaft extruders, twin-shaft extrusion machines or rotory-type extruders. 

Reduction of laminations typically caused by the auger, such as rotational laminations, laminations caused by the auger hub, etc ... 

The finite element model described in Section 11.2 was used here to model the friction experiments described above. However, to simulate the 16 Nm torque, a bolt pre-stress of 227 MPa was applied. This value was obtained experimentally from the axial gauges in the shank of a specially manufactured instmmented bolt, as discussed previously. For comparison, both the continuous and stick-slip [25] fiiction models (available in MSC Marc finite element code) was used to account for fiiction between the contacting interfaces. The fiiction coefficients were chosen to be 0.1, 0.3 and 0.45 between the bolt/laminate, washer/laminate and laminate/laminate interfaces, respectively. More details on fiiction coefficient selection can be found in [17]. 

At approximately 0.08 mm joint displacement, the non-lixed laminate starts to slip. At this point (point A, Figure 11.12(b)) the laminate—laminate friction changes from static to kinetic friction and starts to reduce in magnitude... 

Moir, R. D., Montag-Lowy, M., and Goldman, R. D. (1994). Dynamic properties of nuclear lamins Lamin B is associated with sites of DNA replication. J. Cell BioL 125,1201-1212. 

Decorative laminate. Laminated plastics for covering shop-, office-, or kitchen-furniture and public transport vehicle walls. Their core sheets are usually phenolic-impregnated paper while the barrier, pattern, and cover sheets are melamine-impregnated paper. 

Laminates were manufactured mainly by Neste subsidiary Plastilon Oy. The laminates A300 WR, A300 UDl and A300 UD2 were manufactured by the Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Lightweight Structures (HUT/LLS). Adhesively bonded joints and specimens for the mechanical characterisation of the adhesives were made by HUT/LLS. Laminated joints were made by Neste and HUT/LLS. All laminates, laminated joints, and adhesives were cured at room temperature for 24 hours minimum and then postcured according to the procedures given in Table 3. 

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