Lake Biwa

The deep shaft plant at Ohtsu Paper Co. came on line in 1980. It treats the wastewater generated by a cardboard recycling facility located within 18.3 m (60 ft) of a residential area inside the city of Ohtsu. The plant discharges treated wastewater to a beautiful recreational body of water named Lake Biwa. 

Figure 12B. Oxygen isotope ratios in C. japonica calibrated for temperature change using temperatures obtained from (a) time of cherry tree blooms, (b) first freezing of Lake Biwa, and (c) number of snowy days per year (26).

Common cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo Japan, 1993 liver total chlordanes Lake Biwa Adults 54 (16-98) FW 102... 

Sohrin, Y., Matsui, M., Kawashima, M. et al. (1997) Arsenic biogeochemistry affected by eutrophication in Lake Biwa, Japan. Environmental Science and Technology, 31(10), 2712-720. 

Ujiie et al. [204] fabricated quartz chips for NCE and reported the separation of rhodamine B and sulforhodamine at 14.4 and 66.6 cm separator lengths. The buffer was 20 mM phosphate buffer at 2kV applied voltage and the separation was achieved in 70 seconds. Wakida et al. [205] reported a high throughput characterization for dissolved organic carbon in environmental waters within 2 minutes using NCE. The authors collected water samples from 10 sampling points at the Hino River that flows into Lake Biwa. Shin et al. [206] described NCE (PDMS) with fluorescence detection for analyses of atrazine. 

Miura, T., Suzuki, N., Nagoshi, M, and Yamamura, K. (1976). The rate of production and food consumption of the Biwa masu, Oncorhynchus rhodurus, population in Lake Biwa. Researches on Population Ecology 17,135-154. 

Lake Biwa, Japan Common cormorant 2001 26 Liver 1200 2800 ... 

Kubota, A., Iwata, H., Tanabe, S., Yoneda, K., Tobata, S., 2004. Levels and toxicokinetic behaviors of PCDD, PCDF, and coplanar PCB congeners in common cormorants from Lake Biwa, Japan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 3853-3859. 

Okamura, H., Piao, M., Aoyama, L, Sudo, M., Okubo, T. and Nakamura, M. (2002) Algal growth inhibition by river water pollutants in the agricultural area around Lake Biwa, Japan, Environmental Pollution 117(3), 41 MI9. 

Tsuda, T., Aoki, S., Kojima, M., Fujita, T. (1992) Pesticides in water and fish from rivers flowing into Lake Biwa (II). Chemosphere 24, 1523-1531. 

Ogawa, N., Koitabashi, T., Oda, H., Nakamura, T., Ohkouchi, N., and Wada, E. (2001) Fluctuations of nitrogen isotope ratios of gobiid fish (Ilsaza) specimens and sediments in lake Biwa, Japan, during the 20th century. Lirnnol. Oceanogr. 46, 1228-1236. 

Watanabe, M.F., Tsujimura, S., Oishi, S., Niki, T, and Namikoshi, M. 2003. Isolation and identification of homoanatoxin-a from a toxic strain of the cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis mediterranea Skuja isolated from Lake Biwa, Japan. 42. Phycologia 42, 364-369. 

The Biwa pearl mussel, Hyriopsis schlegelii, is probably the most famous of the freshwater mussels. It was native to Lake Biwa in Japan, though the stocks are now very depleted. It was used in the production of Biwa pearls, which were the first freshwater, non-nucleated cultured pearls to come on the market. They were of an irregular oval shape. 

Mitamura, O. (1986). Urea metaboHsm and its significance in the nitrogen cycle in the euphoric layer of Lake Biwa. II. Half-samrarion constant for nitrogen assimilation by fractionated phytoplankton in different trophic areas. Arch. Hydrobiol. 107, 167—182. 

Nishino M., Fukui M., and Nakajima T. (1998) Dense mats of Thioploca, gliding filamentous sulfur bacteria in Lake Biwa, Japan. Water Res. 32, 953—957. 

Sudo M., Kunimatsu T., and Okubo T. (2002) Concentration and loading of pesticide residues in Lake Biwa Basin (Japan). Water Res. 36(1), 315-329. 

Hasegawa H. (1997) The behavior of trivalent and pentavalent methylarsenicals in Lake Biwa. Appl. Organometal. Chem. 11, 305-311. 

FIGURE 6. Vertical change of biochemicals and nonbiochemicals in Lake Biwa sediments (Handa, 1972, 1973). 

TABLE 9. Humic Acids and Humin Isolated from Lake Biwa Sediments"... 

Ishiwatari (1977) isolated humic acids and humin from samples at various depths (11-130 m) of Lake Biwa sediment. As shown in Table 9, a small amount of humic acid was extracted from sediments of 11 m depth, but no humic acid was obtained from sediments in deeper layers (45-130 m) although alkali extracts were yellow-colored. Humin isolated from sediment samples increased with depth from 6.2% of the total organic matter to 64%, and at 130 m in depth accounted for 80% of the nonbiochemicals. Ishiwatari and Kawamura (1981) again measured approximate amounts of alkali-ex-traetable humie substances in the long sediment core sample of Lake Biwa by colorimetry (at 400 nm). The ratios of alkali-extractable humic substances to the total organic matter decreased gradually with depth, as shown in Table 10. 

Handa, N. (1972). Organogeochemical studies of a 200-meter core sample from Lake Biwa. I. The determination of carbohydrate and organic carbon. Proc. Japan Acad. 48, 510-515. 

Ishiwatari, R. and Kawamura, K. (1981). Abundance of humic compounds in the 200-meter sediment core sample from Lake Biwa. In Paleolimnology of Lake Biwa and the Japanese Pleistocene, Vol. 9 (S. Horie, ed.). Kyoto University, pp. 103-111. 

C. Belzile, W.F. Vincent, M. Kumagai (2002). Contribution of absorption and scattering to the attenuation of UV and photosynthetically available radiation in Lake Biwa, Limnol. Oceanogr., 41,95-107. 

H Hasegawa. The behaviour of trivalent and pentavalent methylarsenicals in lake Biwa. Appl Organomet Chem 11 305-311, 1997. 

Y Sohrin, M Matsui, M Kawashima, M Hojo, H Hasegawa. Arsenic biogeochemistry affected by eutrophication in lake Biwa, lapan. Environ Sci Technol 31 2712-2720, 1997. 

Studies conducted on Lake Biwa in Japan (38,39) revealed the presence of methylarsenic (III) species, possibly (CH3)As(OH)2 and (CH3)2AsOH, at low concentrations. Speciation and concenttation of arsenic varied with the season, particularly in the euphotic southern basin of the lake where DMA(V) could be the dominant species. Similar compounds had been seen in sediment pore water from Yellowknife, Canada (41). 

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