Photosynthetically available radiation

The photosynthetically available radiation (400-700 nm) for the world oceans is 4.5 X 10 mol of photons per annum, which is — 9.8 X 10 ° kJ yr. The average energy stored by photosynthetic organisms amounts to —39 kJ per gram of carbon fixed (Platt and Irwin, 1973). Given an annual net production of 40 Pg C for phytoplankton, and an estimated production of 4 Pg yr by benthic photoautotrophs, the photosynthetically stored radiation is equal to —1.7 X lO kJ yr i. The fraction of photosynthetically available solar energy conserved by photosynthetic reactions in... 

V.S. Kuwahara (2000). Variability in the relative penetration of ultraviolet radiation to photosynthetically available radiation in temperate coastal waters, Japan. J. Oceanogr., 56, 399-408. 

C. Belzile, W.F. Vincent, M. Kumagai (2002). Contribution of absorption and scattering to the attenuation of UV and photosynthetically available radiation in Lake Biwa, Limnol. Oceanogr., 41,95-107. 

T.A. Moisan, B.G. Mitchell (2001). UV absorption by mycosporine-like amino acids in Phaeocystis antarctica Karsten induced by photosynthetically available radiation. Mar. Biol, 138,217-227. 

The photo synthetic aquatic biomass comprises cyanobacteria (formerly called blue-green algae), planktonic, filamentous and macrophytic algae, and vascular macrophytes. The net productivity of the floodwater depends on the level of primary production by the photosynthetic biomass versus its consumption by grazing animals, particularly cladocerans, copepods, ostracods, insect larvae and molluscs. Their role will change as the canopy develops and at a leaf area index of about 6-7 there will be no more photosynthetically active radiation available to them. 

Total solar energy available on the acre during growing season Photosynthetic efficiency of com plants, i.e., percent of available energy used in photosynthesis Energy equivalent of earth s carbon production Mean solar radiation Photosynthetic efficiency of the world... 

Electron transfer photosensitization is the key process in the natural photosynthetic process [8] as well as in artificial energy conversion systems. The artificial system which has drawn most of the attention is the splitting of H2O by solar radiation (reaction 53), which would make available H2,... 

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