Labour force productivity

If we consider firms as a whole, their only external purchase is labour force. All other exchanges being internal transactions, no further monetary payment is required. Only at the end of the production process firms buy capital goods to be used in the following period. 

Domar assumes at the outset that there is full capacity utilization, and moreover that the fraction of labour force employed is a function of the ratio between national income and productive capacity (ibid. 37). Since the supply side models the economy s capacity to produce output, full employment of the labour force requires that the potential change of output is equal to the change in output demanded via the multiplier. Hence, the full employment balanced rate of growth can be established by setting... 

Improve the user s productivity by concentrating labour force in the core business of the company. 

In the industrialised countries like those of Western Europe, where these developments are especially strong, a number of key advantages were associated with the new forms of agriculture. Labour and soil productivity increased and food became abundant and cheap for the consumer. Tlie labour force that left agriculture could be productive in other areas of society and thus increase total wealth. 

Figure 4 shows that at June 30, 1985 on-site construction was essentially complete and ahead of schedule. Peak on-site sub-contractor labour force numbered about 1,800. Performance on the site was most satisfactory and only 2.5 percent of the budgeted time was lost due to industrial disputes. The performance factor (PF) of the workforce over the construction period was 0.83 compared to a budgeted PF of 1. It is to be noted that the lower the PF the more productive is the workforce. 

In the income sub-index, the indicator currently used is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. An additional indicator that might be added in the long term is the unemployment of the labour force in the country. 

Technological progress determines the characteristics of flows in supply chains. It influences flow time, quality, cost, effectiveness and efficiency. The computerisation and automation of operation is the most dynamic economic trend. Labour costs in supply chains, in particular in high-tech sectors, are more often generated by intellectual and social capital than by the actual labour force. The trend described above is demonstrated by the improvement of operational indicators of supply chains such as production efficiency, delivery time, production and distribution waste and process quality. It seems obvious that in the foreseeable future those supply chains that do not use modern solutions will be less competitive or will, following a survival strategy, search for other sources of competitive advantage. 

Capacity planning Capacity planning specifies the level of resources (e.g. facilities, fleets, equipment, systems hardware and labour force size) that best supports the enterprise s competitive strategy for production. 

Legal provisions for occupational health and safety, as well as for supervision over occupational health and safety, must be effective even in altered conditions, such as outsourcing of production and other activities, establishing an increasing number of small and medium-sized businesses, creation of so-called virtual businesses, and changes in labour markets related to, for instance, an aging labour force and its flexibility. 

Data on the construction industry show that it accounted for 5.4 per cent of Gross Domestic Product and 5 per cent of employment in 1984. About 54 per cent of this value consisted of new work, and the rest was in repairs and maintenance. About 43 per cent of all the work was in housing. Apart from the 5 per cent of the labour force employed in construction (about 1 million people) there were another 460,000 self-employed. Most construction firms are very small, although there were about 95,000 firms employing two or more people, 95 per cent of them employed less than 25. 

The proportion of Britain s employed labour force in manufacturing is now about 26 per cent and some 65 per cent of the employed labour force is engaged in service sectors (HMSO, 1986). Manufacturing industry accounts for just under 25 per cent of Britain s Gross National Product. About two-thirds of the country s... 

In this discussion, Marx refers to commodities of a practical nature, such as a garment, railroad tracks, or a house. Yet the model that he proposes is useful for understanding alchemy, even if the commodity—gold—is not something whose potentiality can immediately be exploited. Put another way, in the labour-process, therefore, man s activity, with the help of the instruments of labour, effects an alteration, designed from the commencement, in the material worked upon. The process disappears in the product (Marx 1867, 180). Isn t this precisely what the traditional alchemist struggles against with all of his rhetorical force ... 

The size of the armed forces that Britain could maintain was determined by the growth of her economy, and therefore of the chancellor of the exchequer s revenue, relative to the growth in the cost of armaments. Britain s lead as the first industrial nation was being eroded from the 1870s, and average annual growth rates in GDP and labour productivity... 

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