Laboratory research settings

The control chart is set up to answer the question of whether the data are in statistical control, that is, whether the data may be retarded as random samples from a single population of data. Because of this feature of testing for randomness, the control chart may be useful in searching out systematic sources of error in laboratory research data as well as in evaluating plant-production or control-analysis data. ... 

After the Second World War, the technical innovations, both in steelmaking and in the physical metallurgy of steels, continued apace. A number of industrial research laboratories were set up around the world, of which perhaps the most influential was the laboratory of the US Steel Corporation in Pennsylvania, where some world-... 

The fluids which are used in the hydraulic fracturing process can be quite complex. Laboratory research and development on these fluids require many hours of rheology testing to discover suitable compositions and systems. To speed this process, an automated stimulation fluid rheology laboratory was constructed. In this paper, we describe the types of instruments which are used in this laboratory, the computer system, and how t.vr cal experiments are set up, run, and results stored and analyzed. In the accompanying paper (Part II), the focus is on the automation of one of the more complex Instruments in this laboratory. 

Pollutants emitted by various sources entered an air parcel moving with the wind in the model proposed by Eschenroeder and Martinez. Finite-difference solutions to the species-mass-balance equations described the pollutant chemical kinetics and the upward spread through a series of vertical cells. The initial chemical mechanism consisted of 7 species participating in 13 reactions based on sm< -chamber observations. Atmospheric dispersion data from the literature were introduced to provide vertical-diffusion coefficients. Initial validity tests were conducted for a static air mass over central Los Angeles on October 23, 1968, and during an episode late in 1%8 while a special mobile laboratory was set up by Scott Research Laboratories. Curves were plotted to illustrate sensitivity to rate and emission values, and the feasibility of this prediction technique was demonstrated. Some problems of the future were ultimately identified by this work, and the method developed has been applied to several environmental impact studies (see, for example, Wayne et al. ). 

Immunocytochemical methods have become an integral part of the clinical laboratory, as well as the research setting (see Chapter 50). Clinically relevant specimens ranging from frozen sections and cell-touch preparations to whole-tissue samples are amenable to analysis (see Chapters 9-13). Panels of antibodies have been developed to aid in the differential diagnosis of tumors (see Chapter 51), and automated instrumentation has been designed to speed the handling of numerous specimens (see Chapter 52). 

During World War II, the Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico conducted a highly secret and successful operation to build the world s first atomic bomb. The bomb ended the war, and politicians as well as scientists began to appreciate the benefits of establishing scientific laboratories and conducting research. The national laboratory at Los Alamos continued its work on atomic physics and other projects after the war, and in the early 1950s, the physicists Ernest Lawrence (1901-58) at the University of California, Berkeley, and Edward Teller (1908-2003), then at Los Alamos, urged the establishment of another laboratory. Under the supervision of the University of California, a new national laboratory was set up in Livermore, California, in 1952, with Herbert York (1921-2009), a former student of Lawrence, as its first director. 

This section reviews the standard medical assessment for the psychiatric patient, summarizes specific tests frequently used in the clinical and research setting, and discusses the laboratory s role in treatment evaluation (e.g., therapeutic drug monitoring) ( 6, 12, 13 and 14). 

IHC is an excellent method for protein localization and detection in a tissue sample however, its usefulness relies greatly on primary antibody specificity and, as such, some care may be required in interpretation. An invaluable tool in diagnostic hospital and research laboratories, IHC plays a fundamental role in clinical diagnostics and has proven particularly useful in the identification, localization and profiling/typing of tumours (e.g. carcinomas). In the research setting, IHC has been widely employed in examination of normal and abnormal protein expression in the brain (e.g. Alzheimer s disease). 

To handle and to treat sea water samples colleeted during expeditions in Antarctica and other oceanographic campaigns, a mobile clean laboratory was set up in an ISO-20 standard container and installed on board one of the research vessels... 

Feihl O and Godin V (1967) Setting veneer lathes with aid of instruments. Canadian Department for Rural Development, Forestry Branch, Publication No. 1206 Feist WC (1984) The role of water repellents and chemicals in controlling mildew on wood exposed outdoors USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Research Note FPL 0247... 

Drug metabolism studies have been revolutionized by physical chemical techniques such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. They make possible metabolism studies in a few weeks that previously would have taken months or years. Pharmaceutical laboratories have set up extensive programs in drug metabolism research, which should establish a basis for the future drug development. 

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