Kingdom classification system

Plants can be divided into eleven divisions, according to basic factors such as methods of reproduction, energy sources, and physical structure (see Table 4.1). The division is a modification of the Linnaean classification system, being between kingdom and phylum. 

Monera Prokaryotic kingdom that includes (in the most widely accepted classification system) archaebacteria, eubacteria, and cyanobacteria. Members of this kingdom were among the first forms of life over 3.5 billion years ago. 

Because the natural world is so complex, the study of science involves the organization of items into smaller groups based on interaction or interdependence. These groups are called systems. Examples of organization are the periodic table of elements and the five-kingdom classification scheme for living organisms. Examples of systems are the solar system, cardiovascular system, Newton s laws offeree and motion, and the laws of conservation. 

Members of the five different kingdoms of the classification system of living organisms often differ in their basic life functions. Here we compare and analyze how members of the five kingdoms obtain nutrients, excrete waste, and reproduce. 

Mycota In older classification systems, a kingdom comprising the fungi. 

Pteridophyta In traditional classification systems, a division of the plant kingdom that included ferns, horsetails, and clubmosses, i.e. the nonseed-bearing tracheophytes. These are now classified as separate phyia Filicinophyta (ferns), Sphenophyta (horsetails), and Lycophyta (clubmosses). 

The Highways Agency in the United Kingdom has developed another classification system of materials for highway earthworks. This system, apart from soil materials, also includes stabilised soils or any combination of materials (Highways Agency 2009a). 

United Kingdom economy. It has been revised to bring it more into line with comparable world and European Economic Community classifications, and has been given a decimal structure, making it more amenable to computer applications. A brief outline of the whole classification system is given below, listing its main Divisions and giving an example of the more detailed breakdowns available. 

The traditional dichotomy between the animal kingdom and the plant kingdom has been completely abandoned since the 1960s. Systems of classification have not stopped evolving in the face of advances in microbiology and molecular biology, and it is probable that an absolute classification system, based on the genome, will be available before the end of the twenty-first centiuy. 

A system of classification is given in the Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Dangerous Substances, Regulations, 1984 (United Kingdom), which is based on European Union (EU) guidelines for example ... 

Linnaeus divided all organisms into two kingdoms, Plant and Animal. This system persisted for several hundred years, even though increasing numbers of organisms did not fit well within either of these categories. In 1969, Dr. Robert Whittaker of Cornell University proposed a five-kingdom system of classification (see Table 5.1). 

Table 3.1 Five-kingdom system of classification (after Whittaker, 1969, in Campbell et al, 1999).

Currently, the most widely accepted system of classification of organisms is the five-kingdom system (Table 3-3) of Whittaker (1969). Prokaryotic organisms are placed in the Kingdom Monera, which includes the bacteria and cyanobacteria whose... 

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