Five-kingdom system

Linnaeus divided all organisms into two kingdoms, Plant and Animal. This system persisted for several hundred years, even though increasing numbers of organisms did not fit well within either of these categories. In 1969, Dr. Robert Whittaker of Cornell University proposed a five-kingdom system of classification (see Table 5.1). 

Table 3.1 Five-kingdom system of classification (after Whittaker, 1969, in Campbell et al, 1999).

Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae was established. The five-kingdom system is still in use today, although most scientists prefer to separate monerans into two groups, the kingdom Archaebacteria and the kingdom Eubacteria. 

Currently, the most widely accepted system of classification of organisms is the five-kingdom system (Table 3-3) of Whittaker (1969). Prokaryotic organisms are placed in the Kingdom Monera, which includes the bacteria and cyanobacteria whose... 

A five-kingdom system takes into account the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and it also provides classifications for eukaryotes that appear to be neither plants nor animals. 

Five-kingdom system System of classifying organisms into one of five kingdoms Monera (Prokaryotae), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. 

Whittaker Five Kingdom System - Plant Classfication. http //www.palomar.edu/oceanography/salty ocean.htm... 

Because the natural world is so complex, the study of science involves the organization of items into smaller groups based on interaction or interdependence. These groups are called systems. Examples of organization are the periodic table of elements and the five-kingdom classification scheme for living organisms. Examples of systems are the solar system, cardiovascular system, Newton s laws offeree and motion, and the laws of conservation. 

Members of the five different kingdoms of the classification system of living organisms often differ in their basic life functions. Here we compare and analyze how members of the five kingdoms obtain nutrients, excrete waste, and reproduce. 

The third edition of Five Kingdoms by Margulis and Schwartz (1998) gives an excellent presentation of the evolution of the concepts underlying various systems for the classification of living organisms. 

At the Federal level, controlled substances are listed within a system of five schedules in the Controlled Substances Act. These Schedules are described in Table 1.2. Schedule I contains the most strongly controlled substances, while Schedule V includes the most moderately controlled. Those drugs contained in Schedules II to V may be prescribed, while those in Schedule I may not. The data in the table illustrate a point which requires to be addressed, particularly at cross-border (International, State or County) levels, that is, one of nomenclature. In the United Kingdom, heroin is taken to mean the mixture of products resulting from the synthesis of diamorphine from morphine. Both compounds are listed separately in UK legislation, although heroin is not. However, in the United States, heroin can sometimes be taken to mean diamorphine and the two are sometimes used interchangeably. 

Virtually all of the five countries whose pharmaceutical reimbursement systems OTA reviewed—Australia, Canada, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom—use some mechanism for controlling the price of single-source as well as multiple-source drugs. Four of the... 

In 1926, when he was twenty-five years old, Fermi was chosen under the Italian system of concorsos, national competitions, to become professor of theoretical physics at the University of Rome. An influential patron had seen to the creation of the new post, a Sicilian named Orso Mario Corbino, a short, dark, volatile man, forty-six when Fermi sought him out in 1921, the director of the university physics institute, an exceptional physicist and a Senator of the Kingdom. Since the old guard of Italian physicists re-... 

In the United Kingdom, the Health and Safety Executive recently updated its Five Steps to Risk Assessment. It may be accessed at http //www.hse.gov.uk /risk/fivesteps.htm. This is also a basic, uncomplicated system. 

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