Kidney malignancy

A common cause of PTH-dependent hypercalcemia results from benign, or occasionally malignant, enlargement of one or more parathyroid glands, a condition known as primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Although many patients with PHPT present in an asymptomatic state that does not require medical intervention, some are afflicted with excess bone loss, kidney stones, or other complications. If patients are... 

Once essential hypertension develops, management of this disorder becomes a lifetime task. When a direct cause of the hypertension can be identified, the condition is described as secondary hypertension. Among the known causes of secondary hypertension, kidney disease ranks first, with tumors or other abnormalities of the adrenal glands following. In malignant hypertension the diastolic pressure usually exceeds 130 mm Hg. In secondary hypertension,... 

Malignant hypertension is a dangerous condition that develops rapidly and requires immediate medical attention. Fbtients with malignant hypertension experience organ damage as die result of hypertension. Target organs of hypertension include the heart, kidney, and eyes (retinopadiy). 

High WBC/platelets may be from anemia of chronic disease, malignancy, or chronic kidney disease. 

In humans, also, preferential sites exist for the formation of metastasis from various primary tumors [reviewed in Zetter (Zl)]. Thus, bone is a preferred site for metastasis from primary malignancies in breast, prostate, and kidney, while liver is a frequent metastatic site for tumors originating in the colon. Different types of leukemias vary widely in their ability to spread to liver, lymph, bone, and spleen. Some organs, however, are rarely colonized by metastatic growth. These resistant sites include skeletal muscle, heart, and skin. 

In a carcinogenicity inhalation study, rats and mice were exposed to 9 ppm 6 hours/day, 1 day/week for 12 months 2 ppm 6 hours/day, 1 day/week for 18 months or 2 ppm 6 hours/ day, 2 days/week for 18 months. There was a significant increase in cystic kidney tumors in all exposed animals. Male mice were the most susceptible, with kidney tumors in 90% of exposed animals. Female rats showed an excess of malignant lymphomas. 

Severe reactions Because of the possibility of severe toxic reactions (which can be fatal), fully inform patients of the risks involved and assure constant supervision. Deaths Use methotrexate only in life-threatening neoplastic diseases, or in patients with psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with severe, recalcitrant, disabling disease that is not adequately responsive to other forms of therapy. Deaths have occurred with the use of methotrexate in malignancy, psoriasis, and RA. Closely monitor patients for bone marrow, liver, lung, and kidney toxicities. 

Prurims is also common in disease which is not primarily dermatological many endocrine diseases can produce pruritus cholestasis is another cause, like kidney- and blood-diseases. Infections and malignant tumours can also give rise to pruritus. 

Renal cancer, also referred to as Grawitz s tumor or hypernephroma, is a tumor derived from the proximal tubules of the kidney and accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies. 

Structurally homologous to the amino terminal portion of PTH and interacts with the PTH receptor in bone and kidney. This hormone is responsible for hypercalcemia in certain forms of malignancy. It has been used as a therapeutic agent in osteoporosis in some clinical trials. 

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