Malignant tumour

A study of 148000 subjects by Lanza and colleagues (1987) reported 36 individuals with myeloperoxidase deficiency, 10 of whom were completely deficient a further 2 individuals with total deficiency were identified from familial studies. Of the 12 patients with total deficiency, 7 had either benign or malignant tumours, but none was undergoing radio- or chemotherapy at the time of analysis hence, the myeloperoxidase deficiency could not be attributed, in these cases, to the therapy used for treatment of the malignant disease. These findings imply either that the tumour somehow affects the expression of myeloperoxidase in these patients, or that myeloperoxidase-deficient individuals perhaps have an increased incidence of tumours. Much follow-up work is needed for these studies on myeloperoxidase-deficient neutrophils in order to evaluate these proposals. 

Organic phosphates as radiosensitizers in the radiotherapy of malignant tumours 202... 

It should be noted that the compound alone has no therapeutic effect in malignant tumours. Cases of inoperable carcinoma of the bronchus have been treated2 by a combination of X-ray therapy and compound (VIII). In such cases and also in connexion with malignant tumours of other types, there are indications from preliminary clinical studies, that the intravenous administration of compound (VIII) has a small but useful effect as a clinical radiosensitizer. 

A-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). A-Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) is also produced in this process, but the origin of this pollutant is unknown. Samples collected from different tanneries showed airborne nitrosamine contamination ranging from 0.05-47 Xg/m3 NDMA (mean 3.4 pg/m3) and 0.05-2.0 pg/m3 NMOR (mean 0.2 pg/m3)64. Studies have indicated the possible risk of nasal cancer to workers exposed to NDMA at a daily exposure level of 440 pg NDMA/person/day and 20 pg NMOR/person/day65. Animals exposed to long-term inhalation of NDMA were found to have formed malignant tumours of mainly the liver and kidney66. 

Brabletz T, Jung A, Spaderna S, Hlubek F, Kirchner T (2005). Opinion migrating cancer stem cells - an integrated concept of malignant tumour progression. Nat Rev CancerS 744-749. 

Prurims is also common in disease which is not primarily dermatological many endocrine diseases can produce pruritus cholestasis is another cause, like kidney- and blood-diseases. Infections and malignant tumours can also give rise to pruritus. 

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride was tested for carcinogenicity in rats and hamsters by inhalation exposure, producing malignant tumours of the nasal cavity. It was also tested in mice by skin application and by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection, producing local tumours. 

Trichlorophenol was tested in one study in mice and in one study in rats by oral administration and in one study in mice in a screening test for lung tumours. In mice, it increased the incidences of benign and malignant tumours of the liver and in rats mononuclear cell leukaemia. It did not induce lung adenomas in mice. 

Technical-grade 1,3-dichloropropene (containing 1.0% epichlorohydrin), when given by gavage, produced tumours of the urinary bladder, lung and forestomach in mice and of the liver and forestomach in rats. Inhalation exposure produced an increase in the incidence of bronchioalveolar adenomas in mice. No increase in tumours was seen in rats. After subcutaneous administration to mice, the cz.v-isomcr produced malignant tumours at the site of injection. 

Isoprene was tested for carcinogenicity in male mice and in male rats by inhalation exposure in one-year studies. In mice, exposure to isoprene resulted in increased incidence of benign and malignant tumours of the lung, liver and forestomach and of Harderian gland adenomas. The study by inhalation in rats was inadequate for an assessment of carcinogenicity (lARC, 1994). 

Groups of 60 male and 60 female Swiss mice, nine weeks of age, were exposed by inhalation to 0, 1000 or 5000 ppm [0, 3540 or 17 700 mg/m ] chlorodifluoromethane (FC 22 purity, 99.98%) for 4 h per day on five days per week for 78 weeks. The animals were kept under observation until spontaneous death [survival unspecificdj. Full necropsy was performed on all animals. No effects were found on survival or body weight. No difference related to treatment was found in the incidence of benign or malignant tumours (Maltoni et al., 1988). 

Glycidaldehyde was tested for carcinogenicity in mice by skin application and by subcutaneous injection and in rats by subcutaneous injection. It produced malignant tumours at the site of application in both species (lARC, 1976). 

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