Kidney laboratory tests

RISK FOR INEFFECTIVE TISSUE PERFUSION RENAL When the patient is taking a drag tiiat is potentially toxic to die kidneys, die nurse must carefully monitor fluid intake and output. In some instances, die nurse may need to perform hourly measurements of die urinary output. Periodic laboratory tests are usually ordered to monitor the patient s response to therapy and to detect toxic drag reactions. Seram creatinine levels and BUN levels are checked frequentiy during the course of therapy to monitor kidney function. If the BUN exceeds 40 mg dL or if the serum creatinine level exceeds 3 mg cIL, the primary health care provider may discontinue the drug therapy or reduce the dosage until renal function improves. 

The nurse must carefully monitor fluid intake and output because this drug may be nephrotoxic (harmful to the kidneys). In some instances, the nurse may need to perform hourly measurements of the urinary output. Periodic laboratory tests are usually ordered to monitor the patient s response to therapy and detect toxic drug reactions. 

Assess kidney function by evaluating a patient s signs and symptoms, laboratory test results, and urinary indices. Calculate a patient s creatinine clearance to evaluate the severity of kidney disease. 

Comply with follow-up laboratory testing tests will help monitor kidney and liver function and hepatitis B virus levels... 

Abnormal clearance may be anticipated when there is major impairment of the function of the kidney, liver, or heart. Creatinine clearance is a useful quantitative indicator of renal function. Conversely, drug clearance may be a useful indicator of the functional consequences of heart, kidney, or liver failure, often with greater precision than clinical findings or other laboratory tests. For example, when renal function is changing rapidly, estimation of the clearance of aminoglycoside antibiotics may be a more accurate indicator of glomerular filtration than serum creatinine. 

Psychiatry has gone from denying that lithium causes kidney damage to trying to ignore it. The threat is very real. Lepkifker et al. (2004) reviewed the files of 140 patients exposed to lithium for at least 4 years and found that 20% developed creeping creatinine (a laboratory test for kidney malfunction) and renal insufficiency. Overall, lithium is very toxic to cells (Yao et al., 1999). 

Because of the potential effect it may have on other body systems and the risk of toxicity, a baseline medical workup is de rigueur in every patient who is a candidate for lithium therapy. This workup includes laboratory tests aimed at evaluating kidney function, thyroid status, complete blood count, cardiac function, and so on. 

A 66-year-old kidney transplant recipient developed a gangrenous lesion on the left foot infected with S. aureus and Escherichia coli. He was given ciprofloxacin and chndamycin for 6 weeks and then fusidic acid 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks. He became Ul, with myalgia and no active movement of his legs, and rhabdomyolysis was established by laboratory tests. He had also taken atorvastatin 10 mg/day and he slowly recovered after withdrawal of both atorvastatin and fusidic acid. 

PoinTof-Care Testing Introduction to Laboratory Medicine and Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine Introduction to Laboratory Medicine and Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine Appendix Kidney Function Tests Kidney Disease... 

Laboratory tests Microalbuminuria Mildly-elevated Scr and BUN Persistent proteinuria Reduced GFR or CLcr Abnormal urinalysis Renal ultrasound shows reduced kidney mass... 

Kidney function is monitored through laboratory tests, not the client s urine output. 

SEB infection has a tendency to develop quickly due to a somewhat unchanging clinical condition. Respiratory difficulties occur much later with SEB inhalation. Laboratory testing will provide limited data for diagnosing the disease. SEB toxin is difficult to detect in serum when symptoms develop however, a baseline specimen for antibody detection should be drawn anyway as early as possible after exposure. Additional specimens should be drawn during recovery. SEB can be detected in the urine, and a sample should be taken and tested. Test results may be helpful retrospectively in developing a diagnosis. High concentrations inhibit kidney function. Disinfectant solutions include 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 10 to 15 minutes or soap and water. 

Carcinogenic to animals, caused kidney, bladder, and liver cancer in laboratory test animals no evidence of carcinogenicity in humans... 

Laboratory tests on animals showed carcinogenicity in kidney, liver, and lungs carcinogenicity in humans not reported toxicity not reported... 

It has been reported previously that simulated acidic rain and multiple exposures to ozone decreased the foliar dry weight of red kidney beans in laboratory tests (Shriner, 1978). The stimulatory effects of nitrate in simulated acidic rain on the growth of trees also has been demonstrated (Tveite and Abrahamsen, 1978 Wood and Bormann, 1977). Exposure to ozone shifted the partitioning of photosynthate in parsley but, in this case, root growth was depressed relative to the growth of aboveground parts (Oshima et al., 1978). 

The normal range of serum phosphate is 2.5. 5 mg/dL (0.81-1.45 mmol/ L). Phosphate levels in infants and children normally are 30 percent (children) to 50 percent (infants) higher than the normal range for adults. This is mainly due to growth hormone activity in infants and children. Phosphate values must be interpreted cautiously because blood levels may be temporarily affected by intracellular shifts of minerals. A 24-hour urine collection also may be performed to ascertain whether or not there is a problem with excretion of phosphorous by the kidneys. In either case, phosphorous laboratory test usually are performed in conjunction with other laboratory tests, including 4... 

Fioricet should be prescribed with caution in patients with known liver or kidney insufficiency. Liver and renal function laboratory tests should be performed to ensure safety when using the medication. 

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