Key Trends and Developments

Section 5 considers key trends and developments affecting the current and future use of polymers in electronic component applications including their use in flat panel displays, nanotechnology applications and solar cells. Plastics recycling is also discussed. 

Wamae, W. and Kariuki Kungu, J. (2014) Pharmaceutical Manufacturing in Kenya Key trends and Developments, ACTS Working Brief No. 3, Ahican Centre... 

This is a simple technique to identify future technological development, to pinpoint key trends and the potential niche positioning these might facilitate. By highlighting a company s limitations in terms of systems, processes, and skills, it is possible to determine areas of the business that require attention. 

Binder, A., Witte, J. (2007). Business engagement in humanitarian reli Key trends and policy implications. Study cmnmissitmed by the humanitarian policy group of the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) and Global Public Policy Institute (GPPI). http //www.odi.org.uk/ resources/docs/375.pdf... 

The development of hydrodynamic techniques which allow the direct measurement of interfacial fluxes and interfacial concentrations is likely to be a key trend of future work in this area. Suitable detectors for local interfacial or near-interfacial measurements include spectroscopic probes, such as total internal reflection fluorometry [88-90], surface second-harmonic generation [91], probe beam deflection [92], and spatially resolved UV-visible absorption spectroscopy [93]. Additionally, building on the ideas in MEMED, submicrometer or nanometer scale electrodes may prove to be relatively noninvasive probes of interfacial concentrations in other hydrodynamic systems. The construction and application of electrodes of this size is now becoming more widespread and general [94-96]. 

In the past, proton therapy was performed with complex physics machines, adapted to clinical needs, not always available full time, often expensive to maintain, and difficult to tune. Today, several commercial companies offer turn key equipment for proton therapy, adapted to the needs (or to the financial limitations) of the center. It is likely that this trend will develop further. 

Phosphorus-31 MRS, which has been widely applied since the early days of in vivo MRS, is also an excellent technique to study in vivo metabolism. The isotope (f=l/2) is 100% naturally abimdant with a sensitivity of 6.63% that of An early review provided an excellent introduction to many aspects of in vivo P MRS. A more recent update focused on several areas of particular interest to those authors. Here, we first provide a brief introduction and update to key characteristics and methodological developments of in vivo V MRS. We then review major trends for in vivo applications appearing in English in both humans and animals over approximately the past 5 years. Finally, we speculate concerning the future direction and impact of P MRS in biomedicine. 

Jakubowski, M., and M. Trzcinka-Ochocka. 2005. Biological monitoring of exposure Trends and key developments. J. Occup. Health 47(l) 22-48. 

The objective of this chapter is to describe some of the key trends, driving forces, and challenges that will set the future direction of the rapidly advancing field of silicon-based materials. In the process of identifying these key trends, two assumptions were made. The first assumption is that commercial applications will be a major impetus for the development of silicon-based polymers. The response of the late Philip Handler, former head of the National Academy of Science, to a question on science spending corroborates this assumption. Handler s reply (3) was... 

Although lead-acid batteries are reliable and suitable for many applications, the recent trend has been, and continues to be, the development of batteries with less mass and higher capacity to power devices from wristwatches to electric cars. For applications where a battery is the key component and must provide a significant amount of power, such as for the operation of electric cars, lead-acid batteries are too heavy to be feasible. 

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