Key Challenges

Customer engagement. This issue takes a holistic view of sales and customer relationships. Customer relationships management and business analytics techniques are used to provide customized customer services on a global scale. From the supply chain perspective, it changes cost optimization focus to customer service focus implying not only high fill rates and responsiveness but also social responsibility, supply chain transparency, and environmental consciousness (Carter and Rogers 2008 Danese and Romano 2013). 

The main general supply chain management problems are  

Competitiveness. The house of supply chain management (Stadtler 2008) considers solving this problem as the ultimate goal of supply chain management. To maintain competitiveness, a supply chain must outperform competing supply chains in at least some aspects such as prices, quality, or delivery responsiveness. 

Customer service. It characterizes the ability of supply chains to meet customer requirements. Approaches to addressing this problem are as diverse as the customer requirements representing such aspects as cost, quality, and responsiveness. 

Coordination. Coordination of decisions by each supply chain member are made with regard to the impact these decisions will have on the performance of other supply chain members. 

---

One of the key challenges for this process is dealing with the wide range of contaminants in the waste HBr stream. Both inorganic and organic contaminants may be present. These contaminants are typically reactants and products of the upstream bromination process which generated the waste HBr. In addition, they may include corrosion products of upstream equipment or ionic materials present in the water used to scrub the gaseous bromination process effluent. The main concerns about contaminants in the feed streams are their effect on catalyst activity and stability and their effect on bromine product quality. 

Process integration is the key challenge in the design of efficient and cost-effective manufacturing... 

The key challenge to SCSI engine operation is successful fuel stratification in the combustion chamber. Three methods for this stratification are commonly referred to as wall guided, air guided, and spray guided [15]. Wall-guided systems utilize injector targeting at specific features (such as the piston) to achieve a reliable fuel... 

Preterm labour is the major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Oxytocin antagonists offer an attractive approach to prevention. Chapter 7 reviews three decades of medicinal chemistry in this field. The peptide approach has resulted in valuable injectable products. Selectivity over the related vasopressin receptors and improvement in pharmacokinetic profile have been the key challenges for more recent non-peptide programmes, and these seem likely to yield orally available medicines. 

Although all the above issues for the long term and manufacturing preparation of our target 1 needed to be addressed, we recognized that the key challenges were the efficient construction of the hydroxypyrimidinone 3 and the optimization of the selective N-methylation. [7] Initial process development for 1 is discussed as outlined below, focusing on these two major issues. 

With consideration of the shortcomings and advantages of the Medicinal Chemistry route discussed above, a retrosynthesis of 1 was designed to incorporate the convergent coupling of hydroxypyridine 9 and fluoroarene 11 as the key step (Scheme 8.2). Enantioselective preparation of the a-arylpyrrolidine 12 was identified as the key challenge. 

Clearly, no matter how valuable an ES might be, unless an expert can be found who combines an appropriate level of understanding with the time and motivation needed to create the system, no ES can be created. This is often the key challenge in preparing a new ES, since almost by definition there are few experts available in areas in which the ES is likely to be of the greatest value. 

The following fundamental aspects represent some of the key challenges in attempts to understand charge transport in (single-) molecule junctions in more detail ... 

The next three chapters (Chapters 9-11) focus on the deposition of nano-structured or microstructured films and entities. Porous oxide thin films are, for example, of great interest due to potential application of these films as low-K dielectrics and in sensors, selective membranes, and photovoltaic applications. One of the key challenges in this area is the problem of controlling, ordering, and combining pore structure over different length scales. Chapter 9 provides an introduction and discussion of evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), a method that combines sol-gel synthesis with self-assembly and phase separation to produce films with a tailored pore structure. Chapter 10 describes how nanomaterials can be used as soluble precursors for the preparation of extended... 

The preparation of a combinatorial library requires the simultaneous manipulation and isolation of many different compounds. A uniform sequence of operations is required to efficiently prepare and isolate each member of the library. In contrast the traditional synthesis of compounds utilizes conditions tailored specifically to the compound desired. A key challenge for library preparation is the development of a robust synthesis sequence that cleanly incorporates chemical building blocks containing a diverse range of chemical functionality in high yields. Equally important are the development of uniform and efficient methods to isolate intermediates and products from solvents, reagents, and byproducts. 

In Section 6.8 we will discuss how particle fields such as (U U X > can be estimated from the notional particles. However, it is important to note that since the particle-pressure field is found by solving (6.179), the estimate of (U U X must be accurate enough to allow second-order derivatives. As noted after (6.61), the problem of dealing with noisy estimates of P(x, t) is one of the key challenges in applying (6.178).134... 

Despite the considerable growth of the Canadian oil-sand industry in recent years, there are still several difficulties that could impede the future development of the industry. Some key challenges are discussed next.15... 

---