Key Benefits and Challenges

In implementing sound learning assessment, several challenges remain  

The results of learning assessment, both formative and summative, are not always fully used. Results, if shared with faculty, students, and other instructional leaders can help to determine the extent to which learning outcomes have been achieved. The quality of these achievements can then become the motivation for continued excellence, or improvement, of future teaching and learning experiences. 

What types of data or evidence do you rely on most often in your decisions about engineering courses and programs  

What assessment methods can you introduce or improve in your courses  

How do you use learning assessment results to improve curriculum, teaching and learning, student and instructor satisfaction, and learning spaces in your programs  

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Based on the information presented in previous sections with regard to the biochemistry of sequestration of metals/radionuclides by algae species, its complexity and the current state of knowledge, it was possible to compile a list of the key benefits and challenges this technique is currently facing, as shown in Table 5. These will be considered in the final discussion chapter. 

Key, R. H. LeSage, A. 2009. Examining the benefits and challenges of using audience response systems A review ofthe literature. Computers Education, 53(3) 819 27. 

The key challenges with solids removal will be determining the most cost-effective way to remove the solids. Each of the technologies discussed here— microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and clarification—have their benefits and limitations. The big challenge with solids removal, as will be discussed later in this chapter, will be to determine when in the treatment system solids removal should occur. 

To meet the above challenges, two ftmdamental initiatives are under way, namely, shifts to reliability-centered maintenance and predictive maintenance. Broadly speaking, prior to the maintenance revolution, the utilities maintenance approach had essentially been one of preventive maintenance on all components after fixed time intervals, irrespective of the components criticality and actual condition. The shortcomings of this approach included the following (1) overly conservative maintenance requirements, (2) limited gains in reliability from investments in maintenance, (3) inadequate preventive maintenance on key components, and (4) added risk of worker exposure to radiation through unnecessary maintenance. Anticipated benefits of the revised approach are related not only to reduced maintenance costs but also to improved overall operational reliability. 

Pahents need informahon to use drugs properly, not only adequate direchons for use, but also informahon on the risks and benefits. Pharmacists are key players in the pahent educahon process. In an article in American Pharmacy in January of 1992, former FDA Commissioner, Dr. David Kessler challenged pharmacists to renew their commitment to... 

Only 20% to 33% of metastatic breast carcinomas robustly express HER2, and tumors that do not overexpress the protein are unlikely to benefit from treatment. Hence demonstration of clinical benefit in unselected breast cancer patients was a challenging task [24]. The need to keep patients on other chemotherapies added to the complexity of clinical trials. Nevertheless, the decision to first demonstrate overexpression of HER2 antigen levels as one of the key clinical trial inclusion criteria, reached in consultation with the FDA, allowed the investigators to demonstrate efficacy (Table 14.2). 

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