Ketones methyl butyl ketone

Organic solvents inhaled by abusers include gasoline, glue, aerosols, amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite, typewriter correction fluid, lighter fluid, cleaning fluids, paint products, nail polish remover, waxes, and varnishes. Chemicals in these products include nitrous oxide, toluene, benzene, methanol, methylene chloride, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, trichloroethylene, and trichloroethane. 

On the other hand, Gavrilova and Gonikberg opened the furan ring with hydrogen, without the use of catalysts.213 The reaction is carried out at high temperature (350-375°) and at a pressure between 240 and 750 atmospheres, in the absence of a solvent. The following products are obtained from 2-methylfuran acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, acetophenone, methylpropylcarbinol, w-pentane, and water. The authors suggest that these products are formed by a free radical mechanism. 

As examples of ketones within the above formula, mention may be made of ethyl benzyl ketone, methyl para-isopropylbenzyl ketone, methyl meta-io y ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl phenylisopropyl ketone, methyl benzyl ketone and methyl para-dimethoxybenzyl ketone. 

Using the group contributions in Example 2.5, determine whether methyl propyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone are suitable solvents. 

Methyl n-butyl ketone. Methyl -butyl ketone (OES 25 ppm 8h TWA), in contrast to other lower molecular-weight ketones, shows similar peripheral neurotoxic effects to -hexane. This is due to its metabolism to 2,5-hexanediol, a metabolite which it has in common with -hexane and which is responsible for the neurotoxicity. 

Methyl /-butyl ketone [1634-04-4] (pinacolone) has been prepared in 74% yield by reaction of / f/-amyl alcohol with formaldehyde in the presence of strong acid catalyst (78,79). 

Methyl-l -butene N-Methylbutylamine Methyl butyl ketone Methyl butyrate Methyl cellosolve Methyl cellosolve acetate Methyl chloride... 

Methyl butyl ketone, see 2-Hexanone Methyl cellosolve, see 2-Methoxyethanol Methyl cellosolve acetate, see Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate... 

Methyl bromide Methyl butyl ketone, see 2-Hexanone 7.6... 

Fig. 1.1. Crystal structure of lithium enolate of methyl -butyl ketone in a structure containing four Li+, two enolates, and one HMDA anions, one bromide ion, and two TMEDA ligands. Reproduced from Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 35, 1322 (1996), by permission of Wiley-VCH.

Fig. 1.6. Crystal structure of dimer of lithium salt of N-phenylimine of methyl -butyl ketone. Two molecules of diethyl ether are present. Reproduced from J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 2462 (1986), by permission of the American Chemical Society. 

A reaction that follows this pattern is the acid-catalyzed conversion of diols to ketones, which is known as the pinacol rearrangement.60 The classic example of this reaction is the conversion of 2,3-dimethylbutane-2,3-diol(pinacol) to methyl /-butyl ketone (pinacolone).61... 

A potentiation of neuropathy has been observed in studies involving administration of -hexane or methyl -butyl ketone with O-ethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) (Abou-Donia 1983 Abou-Doniaetal. 1985). Administration of each compound individually resulted in peripheral neuropathy. The peripheral neuropathy observed when /7-hexane or methyl n-butyl ketone was administered simultaneously with EPN was more severe and had an earlier onset (Abou-Donia et al. 1985). The potential interactive effect of multiple exposures to different organophosphorus pesticides on delayed neuropathy has not been characterized (Chemiack 1988). 

Abou-Donia MB, Lapadula DM, Campbell G, et al. 1985. The joint neurotoxic action of inhaled methyl butyl ketone vapor and dermally applied O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate in hens Potentiating effect. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 79 69-82. 

In a study in which pregnant rats received a single 6-hour exposure to 1,000 ppm -hcxane on gestation day 12 or 20 (Bus et al. 1979), w-hexanc was rapidly and extensively metabolized to methyl- -butyl ketone (2-hexanone) and 2,5-hexanedione. 2-Hexanone and 2,5-hexanedione (the only metabolites measured) were... 

---