Kestrel

FIGURE 5.9 (a) Distribution of dieldrin (HEOD) residues in the livers of kestrels from... 

In a study with captive male American kestrels (Drouillard et al. 2001), birds were dosed with Aroclor-contaminated diet and the toxicokinetics of 42 PCB congeners contained therein was stndied. Those congeners that were most rapidly cleared contained vicinal meta-para hydrogen substituents on at least one phenyl ring. This provides further evidence for the importance of open (i.e., not substituted by chlorine) meta-para positions for metabolic attack, an issue that will be returned to in the next section (Section 6.2.3). 

Fernie, K.J., Smits, J.E., and Bortolotti, G.R. et al. (2001). Reproduction success of American kestrels exposed to dietary PCBs. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20, 776-781. 

Wiemeyer, S.N. and Porter, R.D. (1970). DDE thins eggshells of captive American kestrels. Nature 227, 737-738. 

FIGURE 23.3 Effects of dietary supplementation with carotenoids on (a) serum carotenoid concentrations, (b) serum concentrations of ROMs, and (c) serum antioxidant capacity (OXY), in nestling European kestrels (Falco tinnunculus). Open circles are nonsupplemented controls, and closed circles are carotenoid-supplemented birds. Means SE are shown. Means that are significantly different are denoted by asterisks CP<0.05 "Pc0.01 mmP<0.001). 

Casagrande, S., Costantini, D., Fanfani, A., Tagliavini, J., and Dell Omo, G. 2007. Patterns of serum carotenoid accumulation and skin colour variation in kestrel nestlings in relation to breeding conditions and different terms of carotenoid supplementation. J. Comp. Physiol. B 177 237-245. 

Casagrande, S., Csermely, D., Pini, E., Bertacche, V., and Tagliavini, J. 2006. Skin carotenoid concentration correlates with male hunting skill and territory quality in the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). J. Avian Biol. 37 190-196. 

Costantini, D., Casagrande, S., Di Lieto, G., Fanfani, A., and DelTOmo, G. 2005. Consistent differences in feeding habits between neighbouring breeding kestrels. Behaviour 142 1409-1421. 

Cadmium biomagnifies in terrestrial food chains and tends to accumulate in liver and kidneys of older apex organisms (Scheuhammer 1987). This process was documented in the chain of soil to vegetation to invertebrates to upper trophic level consumers, including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), bam owls (Tyto alba), weasels (Mystela nivalis), and kestrels (Falco tinnunculus Gorree... 

Lesser kestrel, Falco naumannr, nonviable eggs Spain 1988-91 Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus eggs 3.1 (0.2-7.1) FW 3... 

Negro, J.J., J.A. Donazar, F. Hiraldo, L.M. Hernandez, and M.A. Fernandez. 1993. Organochlorine and heavy metal contamination in non-viable eggs and its relation to breeding success in a Spanish population of lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni). Environ. Pollut. 82 201-205. 

American kestrel, Falco sparverius Nestlings (mg/kg FW) Elevated Liver >2 8... 

Custer, T.W., J.C. Franson, and O.H. Pattee. 1984. Tissue lead distribution and hematologic effects in American kestrels (Falco sparverius L.) fed biologically incorporated lead. Jour. Wildl. Dis. 20 39-43. 

Franson, J.C., M.R. Petersen, C.U. Meteyer, and M.R. Smith. 1995. Lead poisoning of spectacled eiders (Somateriafischeri) and of a common eider (Somateriamollissima) in Alaska. Jour. Wildl. Dis. 31 268-271. Franson, J.C., L. Sileo, O.H. Pattee, and J.F. Moore. 1983. Effects of chronic dietary lead in American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Jour. Wildl. Dis. 19 110-113. 

Hoffman, D.J., J.C. Franson, O.H. Pattee, C.M. Bunck, and A. Anderson. 1985a. Survival, growth, and accumulation of ingested lead in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 14 89-94. 

Pattee, O.H. 1984. Eggshell thickness and reproduction in American kestrels exposed to chronic dietary lead. 

Stendell, R.C. 1980. Dietary exposure of kestrels to lead. Jour. Wildl. Manage. 44 527-530. 

Stendell, R.C., W.N. Beyer, and R.A. Stehn. 1989. Accumulation of lead and organochlorine residues in captive American kestrels fed pine voles from apple orchards. Jour. Wildl. Dis. 25 388-391. 

Wiemeyer, S.N. and D.W. Sparling. 1991. Acute toxicity of four anticholinesterase insecticides to American kestrels, eastern screech-owls and northern bobwhites. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10 1139-1148. 

Rattner, B.A. and J.C. Franson. 1984. Methyl parathion and fenvalerate toxicity in American kestrels acute physiological responses and effects of cold. Canad. Jour. Physiol. Pharmacol. 62 787-792. 

American kestrels, Falco sparverius, yearling males ... 

Bird, D.M., P.H. Tucker, G.A. Fox, and PC. Lague. 1983. Synergistic effects of Aroclor 1254 and mirex on the semen characteristics of American kestrels. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 12 633-640. 

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