Northern bobwhite

Brewer, L.W., Driver, C.J., and Kendall, R.J. et al. (1988). The effects of methyl parathion on northern bobwhite survival. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 7, 375-379. 

Wiemeyer, S.N. and D.W. Sparling. 1991. Acute toxicity of four anticholinesterase insecticides to American kestrels, eastern screech-owls and northern bobwhites. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10 1139-1148. 

Chlordane interachons with other agricultural chemicals are significant and merit additional research. In one study, male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) pretreated for 8 weeks with 10 mg chlordane/kg diet had increased resistance to parathion, but not to paraoxon, as judged by cholinesterase activity (Ludke 1977). In another study, northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) treated with 10 mg chlordane/kg diet for 10 weeks, followed by endrin stress, had greater accumulations of chlordane in the brain than did birds treated only with chlordane (Ludke 1976). 

Single oral dose of 14.1 mg/kg BW NORTHERN BOBWHITE, Colinus virginianus... 

Maguire, C.C. and B.A. Williams. 1987. Cold stress and acute organophosphorus exposure interaction effects on juvenile northern bobwhite. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16 477-481. 

Bauer, C.A. 1985. Effects of paraquat on reproduction and growth in northern bobwhite. Jour. Wildl. Manage. 49 1066-1073. 

Kononen, D.W., J.R. Hochstein, and R.K. Ringer. 1991. Mallard and northern bobwhite exposure to compound 1080 acute toxicity and food avoidance behavior. Chemosphere 22 655-663. 

Northern bobwhite fed 5 mg/kg dietary toxaphene for 4 months showed thyroid hypertrophy (Pollock and Kilgore 1978) and interference with the ability of bobwhites to discriminate patterns (Kreitzer 1980). In the latter investigation, Kreitzer fed 10 or 50 mg/kg dietary toxaphene to 3-day-old bobwhites for 20 weeks and found that toxaphene-treated birds made 50% more errors than... 

Wildlife has inevitably suffered, in both numbers and species range, as the environment has become progressively degraded. It is alarming to find that once-common species of birds such as evening grosbeaks, northern bobwhites, and eastern meadowlarks are now harder to find. Countless lesser-known species maintain only a precarious existence. 

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