Kerosene commercial, properties

Kerosene commercially available 15-25 9 Resistant little or no change in weight small effect on mechanical properties generally suitable for practical use Nylatron Quadrant EPP... 

Figure 5 shows some data referring to the ability of biosurfactant to emulsify kerosene produced by B. subtilis ATCC 6633 at the different substrate concentrations tested (5, 10, 20, and 40 g/L). Besides a decrease in surface tension, stabilization of hydrocarbon/water is frequently used as an indicator of surface activity. Note, however, that the quantity of biosurfactant produced should not be related to the E24 because that is an intrinsic property of the molecule. A similar behavior of the emulsifying activity in relation to the carbon source concentration and to the incubation period has been observed. The diverse initial concentrations of commercial sugar studied favor the formation of a surface-active compound, with an emulsifying activity >50% in a 48-h process. The maximum values for emulsion activity of 57.9 and 56.9% were determined for 10 and 20 g/L of substrate, respectively. It should be emphasized that there was a reduction in the E24 after a 96-h period of incubation. Carvalho et al. (36) reported similar results for cell-free fermented broth by Bacillus sp. emulsified in kerosene. 

It is necessary to compare reliable properties of the oil produced, as a comparison with those of commercial gasoline, kerosene and diesel. It is essential to determine the physical measurements such as those listed for a variety of the oils, as shown in Table 5.5. Based on these values, the oil produced in the process plant is tested, to determine whether it can be put on the market. 

Properties Reddish brown solid with a mild ester odor. Bp 125C. Soluble in water and alcohol almost insoluble in kerosene and diesel fuel. Commercially available as a water-miscible solution. 

The propane used was a commercially available feed supplied by Pyrofax Corp. The light kerosene, supplied by Universal Oil Products Co., had been partially desulfurized. The light fuel naphtha was obtained from Industrial Solvents Corp. The jet fuel was obtained from Humble Oil and Refining Co. Properties of the commercial feeds are given in Table I. 

The properties which have been stated are those of the pure hydrocarbons. Many commercial mixtures such as gasoline, benzine, kerosene, etc., consist largely of paraffins. Such mixtures when subjected to the tests stated above react to some extent, on account of the fact that they contain small quantities of other more reactive hydrocarbons. When these have entered into reaction the paraffin hydrocarbons which are left exhibit their characteristic inertness. 

Uses Detergent for commercial and home cleaning formulations Properties Colorless liq. ref. index 1.4501 sol. in alcohols, acetone, MEK, butyl Cellosolve, propylene glycol, chloroform, perchloroethylene, toluene, xylene, kerosene, water dens. 7.7 Ib/gal sp.gr. 0.927 vise. 27 cps HLB 6 cloud pt. 0 C (1%) flash pt. 400 F pour pt. 56 F surf. tens. 29.4 dynes/cm pH 6-7 (1%) 100% cone,... 

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