Kennedy, President John

Figure 2. Professor Herman Mark receiving an Honorary Degree at Lowell Technological Institute. Beside Dr. Mark at the far right is President John Kennedy.

President John F. Kennedy supported Eisenhower s Blue Sky policy, facilitating incapacitating agent research... 

Look at your list, and select two topics that interest you the most. For example, maybe you are a history buff and you have chosen President John F. Kennedy as a potential topic, and your other area is environmental pollution, a concern that you also would like to investigate. 

Study your choices and make a selection between the two of them. Let s say that although both topics interest you, you have always had a passion for history, and are fascinated by the mystery surrormding President John F. Kennedy s assassination. To narrow your topic even further, take a moment and ask yourself five basic questions. These questions (the 5 W s) are ... 

The next step will help you narrow down your topic even further and make it more specific. If you asked a librarian for information, or typed John F. Kennedy into a search engine on the Internet, either the librarian or the computer would pull up thousands of sources. Most likely, you don t have the time to sift through aU the pages and books that have been written about President John F. Kennedy. For that reason, you need to refine your search. Using the 5 W s as a guide, make yourself a chart and fill in all the information that you already know. For example, your chart might look like this ... 

In some cases, you may also be the first person to review a primary source. For example, let s say that in your research, you had access to a recently found personal diary of President John F. Kennedy that recormted the days and events before his assassination. Of course, this is highly... 

What if you are not researching a current topic or one that is readily accessible to you In other words, you may not know of any individuals whom you can contact directly. Don t worry. Let s go back to the topic of President John E Kennedy. Most likely, you do not have contact with the Kennedy family, and even if you did, members of the family might not want to speak about such a sensitive or delicate subject. Are there other people or other primary sources you could turn to for rmique information There are always other places to check for gathering primary source information. Below is a list of places to search for additional contacts that are open and available to the general public ... 

If these places stiU do not yield experts or professionals whom you can interview, you can always check your local, national, or even an international phone book to look up any societies, museums, cultural institutions, and perhaps, even private phone numbers of potential primary source individuals. Even if a living family member of President John E Kennedy is not available for information, perhaps a famous biographer or professor would be willing to speak about the topic. There may also be a special historical association or website devoted chiefly to his presidency. 

You can also put important information from a book or an article into your own words. This is called paraphrasing, and it simply means that you are summarizing an author s thoughts and ideas. A good way to assess or evaluate what kinds of information you can paraphrase on your note cards is to remember the 5 W s that you used when you wrote your thesis statement. Any information or statement that addresses the fundamental questions, who, what, where, when, and why is usually important and critical. For example, let s revisit the topic of President John F. Kennedy in the excerpt that follows. The task is to decide what is important and how to record and/or paraphrase the necessary facts. Let s look at different ways that you might put the information into your own words or how you can quote it directly. As you practice, remember that you are always striving to be accurate and precise as you paraphrase. 

Read the following passage which is taken from the book The American People, Creating a Nation and a Society, Second Edition by Nash, Jeffrey, Howe, Frederick, Davis and Winkler (Harper Row, Publishers, Inc., New York, 1990.) In these sentences, the authors of this American history textbook describe the last moments of President John F. Kennedy as his motorcade rode through the streets of Dallas. They wrote ... 

SECTION 1 = President John F. Kennedy s first two years in politics and key political actions and strategies that caused controversy. .. 

Example A This paper will discuss and examine the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. After doing a lot of research and reading a lot of books, I have decided that President Kennedy s death was not the result... 

Example A I d like to make a film about former President John F. Kennedy. I have always been interested in the former president because of a high school teacher, Mr. 

Example B President John F. Kennedy s assassination was not the work of an organized conspiracy but instead the result of a calculated plan carried out by a lone assailant. ... 

A fact that is not well known, might be disputed, or is controversial should always be accompanied by a footnote, endnote, or parenthetical citation. Similarly, all statistical information should also be documented so that the reader can look up any important material and verify its accuracy. For example, an author of a best-selling biography of President John F. Kennedy might write ... 

If you are writing your paper about President John F. Kennedy, it might be important for you to include his personal statements about his final days in the White House. Maybe, he mentioned privately to one of his aids just before his assassination that he was worried about security. Perhaps, he had been warned about his trip to Dallas beforehand, and in a speech to White House staff, he acknowledged security worries. With strong confidence though, he vowed to undertake a trip that could mean danger. Direct quotations and statements from experts—witnesses who were alive at the time. 

The assassination of President John F. Kennedy begins what many will see as an era of heightened violence and social tension. 

The amygdala sends axons to the hippocampus and these inputs are believed to enhance the memory that the hippocampus makes of highly charged emotional events. This is why, for example, everyone remembers where they were and what they were doing on September 11, 2001, when the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center were destroyed, or, if they are old enough to remember when President John R Kennedy was assassinated. 

The Search For Selectivity. I had the honor of serving on a committee appointed at the request of President John F. Kennedy to examine the significance of Carson s book. Our report to him in the spring of 1963 was entitled "The Use of Pesticides" (7). Among other things, we recommended that pesticides, including fungicides, be made more selective. And they were. 

Following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas on November 22, 1963, New Orleans District Attorney James Garrison launched an investigation that led him to the doorsteps of an obscure Montreal-based corporation called... 

Warren Commission Report, Report of the President s Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1964. 

He accepted a dinner invitation from President John F. Kennedy in 1961— then picketed the White House the morning before, carrying a sign saying,... 

Pauling protests nuclear testing outside the White House on the day before he was to attend a dinner there with President John F. Kennedy. 

The publication of Rachel Carson s Silent Spring in 1962 and her description of pesticide contamination of waterways, land, and wildlife galvanized, for the first time, the American public s concern about the chemical industry. The issue was further fed by the heated response of the chemical industry when Monsanto published and distributed 5000 copies of a brochure parodying Silent Spring, which related the devastation and inconvenience of a world where famine, disease, and insects ran amok because chemical pesticides had been banned. Carson s carefully researched work was only vindicated when many eminent scientists rose to her defense, and President John F. Kennedy ordered the President s Science Advisory Committee to examine the issues the book raised (NRDC, 2004). As a result, DDT came under much closer government supervision and was eventually banned. 

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