JINR Joint Institute for Nuclear

Dubnium - the atomic number is 105 and the chemical symbol is Db. The name derives from the location of the Russian research center, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research lab in Dubna , Russia. The first synthesis of this element is jointly credited to the American scientific team at the University of California in Berkeley, California imder Albert Ghiorso and the Russian scientific team at the JINR (Joint Institute for Nuclear Reactions) lab in Dubna, Russia, imder Georgi N. Flerov in 1970. The longest half-life associated with this unstable element is 34 second Db. 

SHIP = Separator for Heavy Ion Products (Germany) JINR = Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russia) ppm = parts per million ppb = parts per billion % = percent A= heat... 

JINR Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. 

Element 110 - no name has been proposed or accepted by lUPAC for element 110. This element was first synthesized in a November 1994 experiment by a multi-national team of scientists working at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany. The scientific teams were from the GSI (Heavy Ion Research Center), Darmstadt, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia and the University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. They used the nuclear reaction ° Pb ( Ni, n) 110. The longest half-life associated vdth this unstable element is 1.1 minute 10. 

The chemical and physical properties of Unq (or rutherfordium) are homologous with the element hafnium ( jHf), located just above it in group 4 (fVB) in the periodic table. It was first claimed to be produced artificially by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) located in Dubna, Russia. The Russian scientists used a cyclotron that smashed a target of plutonium-242 with very heavy ions of neon-22, resulting in the following reaction Pu-242 + jjjNe-22 —> jj, Unq-260 + 4 n-1 (alpha radiation). The Russians named Unq-260 kurcha-tovium (Ku-260) for the head of their center, Ivan Kurchatov. (See details in the next section, History. )... 

These experiments resulted in the identification of elements 107 to 112 at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung, GSI, in Darmstadt, and in the recent synthesis of elements 114 and 116 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR, in Dubna. We also report on a search for element 118, which started in 1999 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LBNL, in Berkeley. In subsequent sections a theoretical description follows discussing properties of nuclei in the region of SHEs and phenomena, which influence the yield for the synthesis of SHEs. Empirical descriptions of hot and cold fusion nuclear reaction systematic are outlined. Finally, a summary and outlook is given. 

The last decade was marked with the discovery of five new members of the Periodic Table The heaviest elements of the last transition element series 110 through 112 were identified in the Gesellschaft fiir Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt [1-3] and some decay chains and fission products associated with production of even more heavy elements 116 and 114 were recently reported by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna [4], This period of time was also very fruitful with studying chemical properties of the very heavy elements [5-9],... 

Discovery of these elements has largely resulted from the researches of three groups from Russian scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna German workers at the Gesellschaft fiir Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt and Americans,... 

Vladimir I. Korobov, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna, Russia, korobovQthsunl.jinr.ru... 

The element is named after Neils Bohr. The first announced detection of element 107 was at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna. Because the experimenters saw the element for only 2/1000th of a second, it was difficult to determine anything about it. The first confirmation of... 

Reprinted from JINR report P6-88-595, Korotkin YuS, Kim UJ, Timokhin SN, Orelowich OL, Altynov VA, Thermochromatography of sulfides of elements groups I-VIII, 1988, with permission from Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. 

Reproduced (adapted) from JINR Report R7-86-322, Domanov VP, Timokhin SN, Zhuikov BL, Chun KS, Eichler B, Chepigin VI, Zvara I, Search for spontaneously fissioning isotopes of elements 107-110 in the products of the interaction of 235U +40 Ar, 1986, with permission from Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. 

Jordan Goodman Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742-4111 USA e-mail Goodman umdgrb. umd. edu Alexei Illarionov Laboratory of High Energy Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region Russia e-mail Alexei.Illarionov jinr.ru... 

Schmelzer, J. W. P., Ropke, G. Priezzhev, V. B. (Eds.) (2008) Nucleation Theory and Applications. (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Publishing House, Dubna, Russia, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2008) copies of the proceedings can be ordered via the author (Email juem theor.jinr.ru or viajuem-w.schmelzer uni-rostock.de). 

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINF), http //www.jinr.dubna.su... 

Superheavy elements are defined as the transactinide elements—elements with an atomic number greater than 103. The current production of new superheavy elements takes place mostly at four locations around the world the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) at Berkeley, California the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (GSI) at Darmstadt, Germany the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) at Dubna, Russia and the Superheavy Element Laboratory of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) at Nishina, Japan. As of 2012, the discoveries of elements 113-118 have all been reported. The discoveries of four of these elements, however, are still awaiting independent confirmation from the other laboratories. 

Zvara, I. Studies of the heaviest elements at Dubna. In Report JINR, vol. E12-7547, p. 28. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna (1973)... 

A joint Russian and American team of physicists created two new super heavy elements—115 and 113—that provide more support for the island of stability concept. The experiments were conducted between July 14 and August 10 in 2003, but the results of the experiments were not published until February 2004. The experiments were conducted in the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia, and also involved the scientists of the Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory located at Berkeley, California. Only four atoms of two isotopes of ununpentium (element 115) were produced, and the results were published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Following is the nuclear reaction that produced these four atoms ... 

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