Jasmonates nicotine

Winz, R. A. and Baldwin, I. T. (2001). Molecular interactions between the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and its natural host Nicotiana attenuata. IV. Insect-induced ethylene reduces jasmonate-induced nicotine accumulation by regulating putrescine A-methyltransferase transcripts. Plant Physiology 125 2189-2202. 

BALDWIN, I.T., SCHMELZ, E.A., OHNMEISS, T.E., Wound induced changes in root and shoot jasmonic acid pools correlate with induced nicotine synthesis in Nicotiana sylvestris. J. Chem. Extol., 1994,20,2139-2158. 

IMANISHI, S., HASHIZUME, K., NAKAKITA, M., KOJIMA, H MATSUBAYASHI, Y., HASHIMOTO, T., SAKAGAMI, Y., YAMADA, Y NAKAMURA, K., Differential induction by methyl jasmonate of genes encoding ornithine decarboxylase and other enzymes involved in nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco cell cultures. Plant Mol. Biol., 1998,38,1101-1111. 

OHNMEISS, T.E., MCCLOUD, E.S., LYNDS, G.L., BALDWIN, I.T., Within-plant relationships among wounding, jasmonic acid, and nicotine Implications for defence in Nicotianasylxestris. New Phytol., 1997,137,441-452. 

When plants undergo various stresses, certain secondary metabolites, including defense compounds, accumulate. Several secondary metabolites such as terpenoid indole alkaloids, indole glucosinolate, nicotine alkaloids, and polyamines are known to accumulate through the induction of biosynthetic genes by jasmonates.898-900 MeJA also induces genes involved in the formation of tryptophan derivatives, terpenoid indole alkaloids.901 These compounds are known to be involved in defense response to pathogen attack as phytoalexins. 

Salicylic acid 11.49 is another signaling molecule in the plant s response. The amount of jasmonic acid rises in 5 min after the insect begins feeding on the tobacco plant. The acid reaches the roots in 2 h and a flush of nicotine reaches the leaves (up to 120 mg/g leaf) in 7 h. Both of these acids can trigger the release of volatile compounds from the plant. These include not only terpenes, but also methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate, which can signal nearby plants to mount their defenses against attack.183 Methyl jasmonate also inhibits the sprouting of potatoes.184... 

The wild-growing tobacco variety Nicotiana sylvestris reacts to mechanical damage, for example by herbivores like the caterpillar of the American tobacco hornworm Manduca sexto, by increasing its nicotine production up to four-fold (Fig. 5.206). The tobacco farmer pursues the same objective bypinching out the shoots of young plants. Their response is mediated by jasmonic add. Unharmed tobacco plants show higher nicotine levels as well, if the phytohormone is supplied e.g. with irrigation water to the roots. [537,538]... 

Guenther ES (1943) Characteristics and uses of oQ of ohbanum. Am Perfum Ess QU Rev 45 41 3 Guthrie FE, Ringlet RL, Bowery TG (1957) Chromatographic separation and identification of some alkaloid metabolites of nicotine in certain insects. J Econ Entomol 50 821-825 Haekkinen ST, Rischer H, Laakso I, Maaheimo H, Seppaenen-Laakso T (2004) Anatalline and other methyl jasmonate-inducible nicotine alkaloids from Nicotiana tabacum cv. By-2 cell cultures. Planta Med 70 936-941... 

Shoji T, Ogawa T, Hashimoto T (2008) Jasmonate-induced nicotine formation in tobacco is mediated by tobacco COIl and JAZ genes. Plant Cell Physiol 49 1003 1012... 

---