Japan Environment Association

In Tokyo, the Japan Environment Association changed its ecolabel criteria for copiers, printers and PCs. TTie change withdraws the exclusion of all BFRS to just PBBs and PBDEs, products that have little impact on the marketplace. Pressure for this change had filtered up from Japanese OEMs, who recognise the superior recyclability of BFR plastics and also the consumer demand for greater fire safety. 

In Tokyo, the Japan Environment Association has relaxed its ecolabel criteria for materials used in office equipment. The exclusion of all brominated FRs has been moderated, to exclude only PBBs and PBDEs. 

Loganathan, B.G., S. Tanabe, M. Goto, and R. Tatsukawa. 1989. Temporal trends of organochlorine residues in lizard goby Rhinogobius flumineus from the River Nagaragawa, Japan. Environ. Pollut. 62 237-251. Ludke, J.L. 1976. Organochlorine pesticide residues associated with mortality additivity of chlordane and endrin. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16 253-259. 

World Environment and PVC, Vinyl Chlodde Industry Association, Tokyo, Japan. 

In contrast, in Southwest Japan, polymetallic veins (so-called xenothermal-type deposits in the sense of Buddington (1935) or subvolcanie hydrothermal type in the sense of Cissartz (1928, 1965) and Schneiderhohn (1941, 1955) occur. Examples of these deposits are Ashio, Tsugu, Kishu and Obira. All these vein-type deposits have formed at middle Miocene age in western part of Tanakura Tectonic Line under subaerial environment. In these deposits, many base-metal elements (Sn, W, Cu, Pb, Zn) and small amounts of Au and Ag are concentrated. These deposits are associated with felsic volcanic and plutonic rocks along the Median Tectonic Line (MTL) or south of MTL. 

The International Council of Chemical Associations—made up of the American Chemistry Council, the European Chemical Industry Council, and the Japan Chemical Industry Association—is the global coordinator of the Long-Range Research Initiative (LRI), a research program that funds research in the effects of chemicals on human health and the environment (LRI 2001). 

Mr. Hiraishi was Director, Water Pollution Control Division at the Environment Agency, Japan (1987-1989). He also worked for UNEP from 1989-1998 consecutively as Co-ordinator of Support Measures, Programme Bureau Officer-in-Charge, Environmental Law and Institutions Centre Deputy Director of Policy Division Deputy Director of Environment Programme Division Assistant Executive Director for Environmental Information and Assessment and, President, UNEP Staff Association (in 1996). 

An ELISA test using monoclonal antibodies against microcystin-LR has been used by Ueno (1996b) to analyze the microcy stin concentration in environmental samples from ponds, lakes, reservoirs, and rivers in Japan, Thailand, Germany, and Portugal. Although microcystins are mainly associated with freshwater cyanobacteria, these results are relevant to the analysis of microcystins and particularly nodularins in brackish water environments. 

Many studies have reported levels of NPs and related compounds in aquatic environments throughout Europe, North America and Japan. Values higher than 100 /xg/1 have been reported11,66. However, this range of concentration is unusual and most of the authors have reported values below 1 /xg/1 in surface waters, as discussed in recent reviews10,81. Due to their hydrophobic properties, NPs tend to be associated with sediments. The analysis of samples collected from the Great Lakes basin and the upper St Lawrence River yielded concentrations between 0.17 and 72 /jLg/g9,3 , whereas values between 6 and 69 /ig/g were found in sediments from the Mediterranean Sea near Barcelona15. In Japan, the concentrations of NPs were found... 

Bunk, W. G. J. (1992), in Basic Technologies for Future Industries The 3rd Symposium on High-Performance Materials for Severe Environments RIMCOF (Ed.). Tokyo Japan Industrial Technology Association (JITA), pp. 1-15. 

Currently in the United States, most of the lead produced comes from mines in Missouri, Alaska, Idaho, and Montana, primarily from lead-zinc and lead ores (361, 362). Worldwide, major lead deposits exist in association with zinc, silver, and/or copper (362). There are five major geological types of lead deposits volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits [Canada, Cyprus, Japan, Australia (Tasmania), Turkey] sediment-hosted deposits of sulfides interbedded with shales, and so on, formed in an anaerobic marine environment [Australia, Canada, Germany, United States (Alaska)] strata-bound carbonate deposits containing sulfide minerals [United States (Mississippi Valley), southern European Alps, Canada, Poland] sandstone-hosted deposits of finely crystalhne sulfides (Canada, France, Morocco, Sweden) and vein deposits of coarsely crystalline sulfide aggregates (western United States, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Peru) (364). The wide variety of compositions seen for lead minerals is illustrated by the representative lead minerals listed in Table XV (3,47). Below, we discuss the lead minerals that are most prevalent in nature in more detail. 

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