Italy hospitality

To compare the epidemiological, clinical, and economic impacts of the HIV epidemic in Italy prior to and after the introduction of HAART, Tramarin et al. (2004) conducted a prospective and observational study with a multi-center design. They used data collected on an AIDS cohort from 1994 and updated data from a comparable cohort in 1998. Mortality and medical costs of 251 patients were measured in 1994 and in 1998, respectively. A considerable difference was observed in mortality (33.9% in 1994 vs. 3.9% in 1998). The cost per patient per year was US 15,515 in 1994 and US 10,312 in 1998. Based on the comparison of the two cohorts between both years, the authors concluded that after the introduction of HAART, hospital-based provision shifted from an inpatient-based to an outpatient-based service, with major focus on pharmaceutical care. 

Percudani et al (1999) Italy 15 12/12 Hospital stay reduced. Savings calculated... 

Method The authors use information on all non-hospital sales of pharmaceutical products in 1992 in a sample of countries consisting of the USA, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Japan and the UK. The database was provided by Intercontinental Medical Systems (IMS). The empirical analysis is based on the calculation of the Paasche and Laspeyres price indexes and the ratio between them. The descriptive analysis is completed with the econometric analysis (quasi-hedonic model) of the determining factors of the variation in the relative prices of each active ingredient in each country taking the USA as the point of comparison. 

The author wishes to acknowledge the hospitality and support of Istituto Guido Donegani, Novara, Italy, during the 1981-82 academic year. 

Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS S. Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy... 

Three other studies were conducted to investigate the preventive potential of tamoxifen. One in Italy (Veronesi et al. 1998), one at the Royal Marsden Hospital, United Kingdom (Powles et al. 1998), and a multicentric international study (IBIS 2002). The British study was the smallest in size (2471 participants) but concentrated on women with a high incidence of family history and consequently presented a higher number of breast cancers. The Italian trial included only women with previous hysterectomy and, accordingly, around 50% had also undergone bilateral oophorectomy. The family risk was low only 15% had a first-degree relative affected by breast cancer. Both European studies permitted concurrent HRT, and 26% of the participants in the British trial received HRT while on study and 42% had ever received HT for menopausal symptoms. Neither of the studies showed any positive effect of the treatment with tamoxifen on the incidence of breast cancer. Reasons for this lack of effect can be different for each trial. 

This work was supported by FONDECYT, under grant N° 1146-91. One of us (R.C.) is deeply indebted to the Commission of European Communities for providing support through a Marie Curie Fellowship N° 93-0188, that permitted to complete this work at Universita Degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy. The warm hospitality and helpful suggestions of Professor J. Tomasi are also very much appreciated. P. Perez is a CONICYT Graduate Program fellow. 

Laboratory ofAntineoplastic Pharmacology, Dept, of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universita Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Lgo A. Gemelli 1, 00168 Rome, Italy Seconda Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita degli studi La Sapienza , S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy... 

Cona Hospital (900 Beds) (Near Ferrara, Italy). 157... 

Verlicchi P, Galletti A, Al Aukidy M (2011) Best practices in the management of hospital effluents. Proc. VI EWRA International Symposium Water Engineering and Management in a Changing Environment, Catania, Italy... 

In 2005, scientists discovered the cause of Otzi s death. A few years earlier, in 2001, Paul Gostner wheeled an X-ray machine to Otzi s chamber in the South Tyrol Museum. Gostner, who works at the Central Hospital in Bolzano, Italy, discovered a stone arrowhead embedded in the back of Iceman s left shoulder. Earlier X-ray scans had missed the small object. The arrow shaft was not in Otzi s body, nor had it been found nearby. The fatality of the wound became evident in 2005, when Central Hospital acquired an X-ray machine with higher resolution. Gostner and other staff members of the hospital brought Otzi in for a scan—it was a rush job, otherwise Otzi s body would quickly decompose. They discovered that the arrowhead had gashed a large and important artery, the subclavian artery, which carries blood to the arm. Such a serious injury would have caused Otzi to bleed to death in minutes. 

D. Becker, Oakland University, Michigan, USA M.J. Burkitt, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK M. Chiesa, University of Torino, Italy... 

Department of Laboratory Medicine University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata via Oxford 81 00133 Roma Italy... 

Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, H San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy... 

Skin lesions from environmental exposures to 2,3,7,8-TCDD have been most thoroughly studied in the population exposed in Seveso, Italy. Reggiani (1980) described dermal lesions for 17 persons (primarily children) hospitalized shortly after the accidental release in Seveso. Acute lesions probably due to alkali and bums were observed immediately and had a duration of up to 2 months chloracne in children occurred within 2 weeks (earliest occurrence was 3 days) and usually persisted for 8-26 months. Irritative lesions (characterized by erythema and edema of exposed areas, vesiculobollus and necrotic lesions, and... 

IRCCSSan Camillo Hospital, 30100 Venice, Italy National Institute of Neuroscience, 10125 Turin, Italy... 

Leontino Battistin (351), IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30100 Venice, Italy Marina Benarese (351), Division of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy Laura Berliocchi (221), Department of Pharmacobiological Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia , 88100 Catanzaro, Italy... 

An evaluation of occupational chemical exposure, histological subtype, and cytogenetics was conducted on case studies of newly diagnosed AML or CML, or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) treated in the Main Hospital of Torino, Northern Italy, between October 1, 1989 and December 31, 1990 (Ciccone et al. 1993). There was a nonstatistically significant increased relative risk for exposure to benzene. Data show 3 AML, 2 CML, and 4 MDS cases with regard to benzene exposures. No excess of clonal chromosome abnormalities was detected among occupationally exposed AML patients. 

Menniti-Ippolito F, Maggini M, Raschetti R, Da Cas R, Traversa G, Walker AM. Ketorolac use in outpatients and gastrointestinal hospitalization a comparison with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Italy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1998 54(5) 393-7. 

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