Isotope dilution -ICP

Hintelmann H, Evans RD. 1997. Application of stable isotopes in environmental tracer studies — measurement of monomethyhnercury (CKjEg ) by isotope dilution ICP-MS and detection of species transformation. Fresenius J Anal Chem 358 378-385. 

K. G. Heumann. Isotope-dilution ICP-MS for Trace Element Determination and Speciation From a Reference Method to a Routine Method Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 378(2004) 318-329. 

The certification procedure for seven trace metals (Ba, Ca, Li, Mg, Mn, Na and Sr) in the certified reference material FEBS-1 (National Research Council Canada, Institute for National Measurement Standards, Ottawa, Canada) based on fish otolith matrix by isotope dilution - ICP-MS in comparison to ICP optical emission spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence analysis, is described by Sturgeon et al4X The isotope dilution technique is also employed for species analysis in biological systems,46 e.g., for the determination of mercury species in tuna material,54 or in aquatic systems using cold vapour ICP-MS.55... 

Concentrations of cadmium and lead were determined by isotopic dilution ICP-MS using two instruments a quad-rupole equipped with a collision cell and a high resolution (magnetic sector) ICP-MS. Results are presented in Table 2. 

Results of lead analyses were confirmed by another NMI, the Swedish National Testing and Research Institute (SP) in Boras, Sweden where a bottle of the same batch was sent. SP has performed two parallel experiments, one at SP and one at LGC in UK, performing isotopic dilution ICP-MS. These results were not taken into account for the reference value. 

Propagation of errors using isotope dilution ICP-MS has been considered to determine how to optimize the measurements [201]. Comparison of analysis results from external calibration versus isotope dilution can be used to assess the quality of external calibration results and the effectiveness of internal standards with external calibration [202,203]. Because isotope ratio precision depends on the total ion count rate, the use of high-efficiency sample introduction to generate larger signals can improve isotope ratio precision and, therefore, analysis precision [204]. 

Although ICP-MS has been used for analysis of nuclear materials, often the entire instrument must be in an enclosed hot enclosure [350]. Sample preparation equipment, inlets to sample introduction systems, vacuum pump exhaust, and instrument ventilation must be properly isolated. Many of the materials used in the nuclear industry must be of very high purity, so the low detection limits provided by ICP-MS are essential. The fission products and actinide elements have been measured by using isotope dilution ICP-MS [351]. Because isotope ratios are not predictable, isobaric and molecular oxide ion spectral overlaps cannot be corrected mathematically, so chemical separation is required. 

V. Diaz Huerta, M. L. Fernandez Sanchez, A. Sanz-Medel, Quantitative selenium speciation in cod muscle by isotope dilution ICP MS with a reaction cell comparison of different reported extraction procedures, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 19 (2004), 644D648. 

Meisel, T., Moser, J. Reference materials for geochemical PGE analysis new analytical data for Ru, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt and Re by isotope dilution ICP-MS in 11 geological reference materials. Chem. Geol. 208, 319-338 (2004)... 

Pearson D. G. and Woodland S. J. (2000) Carius tube digestion and solvent extraction/ion exchange separation for the analysis of PGEs (Os, Ir, Pt, Pd, Ru) and Re-Os isotopes in geological samples by isotope dilution ICP-mass spectrometry. Chem. Geol. 165, 87-107. 

McLaren J. W., Beauchemin D. and Berman S. S. (1987) Application of isotope dilution ICP mass spectrometry to the analysis of marine sediments, Anal Chem 59 610-613. 

Heumann, K. G. Isotope-dilution ICP-MS for trace element determination and speciation from a reference method to a routine method Anal Bioanal Chem 2004, 378, 318-329. 

Kelly WR, Murphy KE, Becker DA and Mann JL (2003) Determination of chromium in certified reference material HISS-1, marine sediment, by cold plasma isotope dilution ICP-MS and INAA com-... 

Malinovsky, D., Rodushkin, I., Baxter, D., and Ohlander, B. 2002. Simplified method for the Re-Os dating of molybdenite using acid digestion and isotope dilution ICP-MS. Anal Chim Acta 463(1), 111-124. 

The results show that Pd can be effectively and accurately measured in airborne PM using Hg reductive co-precipitation to isolate and pre-concentrate samples and isotope dilution ICP-MS with He as a colhsion gas. The method proved to be effective for the determination of Pd in airborne PM for background samples at very low concentrations in the pg/m range. The procedural blank was determined to be 0.01 pg Pd/m, while the limit of determination (LOD) was calculated to be... 

Figure 4 Quantification of separated Cd species in fish MTs (real sample) by AE-FPLC-ID-ICP-MS. Cd was used as spike. Inset shows the transformation of intensity signals into mass flow chromatogram (by means of ID equation). The quantification of Cd bound to each metalloproteins (numbered from 1 to 5) could be achieved by this technique. (Rodn guez-Cea A, Fernandez de la Campa MR, Blanco Gonzalez E, Andon B, and Sanz-Medel (2003) Metal spedation analysis in eel Anguilla anguilla) metallothioneins by anionic exchange FPLC-isotope dilution-ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 18 1357-1364 reproduced from The Royal Society of Chemistry.)...

Figure 2 Error factors calculated for different isotope amount ratios of Zn and Se. (Adapted from Clough RC, Truscott J, Belt ST, ef a/. (2003) Isotope dilution ICP-MS for speciation studies. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 38 101-132.)...

Baglan et al. 1998), thallium (Karpas et al. 2005b), or an isotope of uranium. Considerations for the selection of the element used as an internal standard should include its absence in urine, its mass (not too far from that of uranium), its isotopic composition, its cost and availability in pure form, and lack of polyatomic atoms that may be isobars of the uranium isotopes. Further variations in the deployment of ICPMS for the determination of nranium in urine can be found with the use of different sample introduction techniqnes and nebulizers. Due to the importance of uranium urinalysis by ICPMS, some detailed examples are presented in this section. In one study, isotope dilution ICP-MS was compared with alpha spectrometry for the determination of nranium in slightly diluted urine samples spiked with (Haldimann et al. 2001). 

Moser, J., Wegscheider, W., Meisel, T., and Fellner, N. (2003) An uncertainty budget for trace analysis by isotope dilution ICP-MS with proper consideration of correlation. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 377, 97-110. 

Keyes, W.R. and Tumlund, J.R. (2002) Determination of molybdenum and enriched Mo stable isotope concentrations in human blood plasma by isotope dilution ICP-MS. f. Anal. At. Spearom., 17, 1153—1156. 

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