Isosorbide di

Anhydrosorbitol Esters. Eatty acid esters of anhydrosorbitol (see Alcohols,polyhydric) are the second largest class of carboxyHc ester surfactants. The important commercial products are the mono-, di-, and triesters of sorbitan and fatty acids (Table 18). Sorbitan is a mixture of anhydrosorbitols, principally 1,4-sorbitan (1) and isosorbide (2) ... 

Isohexide mono- (10-13), as well as di-, nitrates (14-16) show a weak, positive dichroic band at 265 nm (n— D transition) and a second, stronger one near 228 nm, which is positive for endo-R-nitrato and negative for exo-S-nitrato groups. For isosorbide dinitrate (14), both dichroic bands are positive.12,13... 

Attempts to achieve favored monoalkylation have always resulted in mixtures of starting material and mono- and di-alkylation products. The situation is further complicated in the case of isosorbide as the substrate two different mono-ethers are formed, corresponding to the 2(exo) and 5(endo) positions. Thus, in contrast to a regioselective monoacylation,104 a similar monoalkylation of isosorbide has not as yet been observed. 

The application of phase-transfer conditions for the successful synthesis of di-0-methylisosorbide was demonstrated.179 The same group investigated the alkylation of isosorbide with a series of alkyl bromides, involving a solid-liquid phase transfer in weakly hydrated organic mixtures.180... 

Finally, isosorbide was tritylated to afford both of the monotrityl isomers, which were separated chromatographically. The 2-O-trityl derivative 97 was then used for the preparation of isosorbide 5-nitrate (11) by way of intermediate152 98 (see Scheme 21). Earlier reports on both of the 2,5-di-O-trityl... 

Under mild conditions, isosorbide (3) is converted into 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-D-glucitol (147) by reaction with boron trichloride (Scheme 41). Compound 147, which was not isolated in pure form, was allowed to react with benzaldehyde to afford 2,4-(3-benzylidene-1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-D-glucitol (148) and 2,4 3,5-di-O-benzylidene-1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-D-glucitol (149). By this method, the two tetrahydrofuran rings are cleaved in a very mild manner.218... 

The telomerization of butadiene was performed in molten isosorbide with 0.5 mL of a 0.5 M NaOH solution added to ensure the solubility of the TPPTS ligand and Pd(OAc)2 as palladium precursor. Similar to the experiments performed by same group on glycerol (vide supra), butadiene was fed to the reaction continuously at atmospheric pressure. The two linear mono-telomers and the di-telomer were obtained as major products, with very little formation of the branched isomers (<3%) (Scheme 16). 

Concentration profiles showed the mono-telomers to be the primary products, with the exo-2-hydroxy group being more reactive than the more shielded and hydrogen-bonded endo-5-hydroxy group. With continuous addition of butadiene, a final yield of 60% di-telomer was obtained after 24 h. If the reaction was run with 5 eq. of butadiene loaded in the reactor, but without base, mono-telomer selectivity was 97% after 2 h at 68% conversion. Addition of an NaOH solution resulted in complete conversion of isosorbide, accompanied by a large increase in di-telomer formation (up to 60%). Isomannide and isoidide gave almost exclusively the mono-telomer under aqueous biphasic conditions at more or less the same conversion levels (around 60%). Competitive reactions between isomannide and isoidide in DMSO and water showed improved reactivity of the exo-hydroxy group in aqueous media. 

DIAN. See Bisphenol A Dianal. See Acrylic resin 1,4 3,6-Dianhydro-2,5-di-0-methyl-D-glucitol. See Dimethyl isosorbide 1,4 3,6-Dianhydro-D-glucitol monolaurate. See Isosorbide laurate (Z)-Dianhydro-D-mannitol, mono-9-octadecenoate Dianhydromannitol monooleate D-Dianhydromannitol monooleate. See Mannide monooleate 1,4 3,6-Dianhydrosorbitol 2,5-dinitrate. See Isosorbide dinitrate 1,2 3,4-Dianhydro-DL-threitol. See DL-Diepoxybutane p,p -Dianiline. See Benzidine 1,4-Dianilinobenzene. See N,N -Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine... 

Dimethyl-5-isopropylidene-bicyclo [5.3.0] dec-1 (7)-ene. See Guaiene 1,4A-Di methyl-7-isopropyl-1,2,3,4,4A,9,10,1 OA-octahydro-1-phenanthrene methylamine. See Dehydroabietylamine Dimethyl isosorbide... 

CAS 5306-85-4 EINECS/ELINCS 226-159-8 Synonyms 1,4 3,6-Dianhydro-2,5-di-0-methyl-D-glucitol 2,5-Di-o-methyl-1,4 3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol DMI D-Glucitol, 1,4 3,6-dianhydro-2,5-di-o-methyl Isosorbide dimethyl ether Definition Dimethyl ether of an anhydride of an isomer of sorbitol Empincal C8H14O4... 

Acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-m-dioxane Diethyl succinate Di-(2-hydroxyethyl) butynediol Diisobutyryl peroxide Diisopropyl oxalate Dimethyl adipate Dimethyl isosorbide Ethyl acetoacetate ethylene ketal Suberic acid... 

Torok, I. Paal, T. Koszegine Szalai, H. Keseru, P. [Hi di performance liquid chromatographic assay and determination of the even distribution of active ingredients in nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate tablets]. Acta Pharm.Hung., 1985, 55, 154-162... 

Phthalates, such as DEHP, are (di)esters of phthalic acid anhydride. In Figure 2 the isosorbide analogue of DEHP is shown. 

Figure 2.20 Structures of sugar diols (a) D-isosorbide, (b) isomannide, (c) methyl 4,6-0-benzylidene-a-D-glucop5Tanoside, (d) methyl 2,6-di-O-pivaloyl-a-D-glucopyranoside, (e) l,2 5,6-di-0-isopropylidene-D-sorbitol, and (0 2,3,1, 3, 4, 6 -hexa-0-acetylsucrose.

Trade Names Aerosol AY-65 Aerosol AY-100 1,4 3,6-Dianhydro-2,5-di-0-methyl-D-glucitol. See Dimethyl isosorbide 1,4 3,6-Dianhydro-D-glucitol monolaurate. See Isosorbide laurate (Z)-Dianhydro-D-mannitol, mono-9-octadecenoate DianhydromannKol... 

Di-o-methyl-14 3,6-dianhydro-D-glucKol. See Dimethyl isosorbide Dimethyl dicetyl ammonium chloride. See DicetyMimonium chloride DimethyMicocoammonium chloride. See Dicoc imonium chloride Dimethyl didecyl ammonium chloride N,N-Dimethyldidecylammoniumchloride. 

D-GlucKol, 14 3,6-dianhydro-2,5-di-o-methyl. See Dimethyl isosorbide Glucolin. See Glucose... 

Glycerol monoesters (C14-C22), separation by alkyl chain length di- and triesters also resolved, as well as glycerol, diglycerol, and free fatty acids Glycerol mono-, di- and triesters (Ci6-C,g), separation by alkyl chain length isomer separation, resolution of free fatty acids Sorbitan laurate resolution of sorbitol, 1,4-sorbitan, l,4 3,6-isosorbide, their monolaurates, and free lau-ric acid... 

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