Isopropyl acetone system

Berg, L., and Yeh, A. 1985. The Unusual Behavior of Extractive Distillation—Reversing the Volatility of the Acetone—Isopropyl Ether System, AIChE J. 31, (3), 504-506 (1985). 

Another system was studied with x-rays, which should give results similar to when y-rays are used. In the acetone-isopropyl alcohol system Rabani and Stein (57) reported G(H2) as function of pH, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol concentrations. They report GH = 0.55 and Ge = 2.65 at pH 2-4. 

A yield of about 95% of theoretical is achieved using this process (1.09 units of isopropyl alcohol per unit of acetone produced). Depending on the process technology and catalyst system, such coproducts as methyl isobutyl ketone and diisobutyl ketone can be produced with acetone (30). 

Stratifying water systems for selective extraction of thiocyanate complexes of platinum metals have been proposed. The extraction degree of mthenium(III) by ethyl and isopropyl alcohols, acetone, polyethylene glycol in optimum conditions amounts to 95-100%. By the help of electronic methods, IR-spectroscopy, equilibrium shift the extractive mechanism has been proposed and stmctures of extractable compounds, which contain single anddouble-chai-ged acidocomplexes [Rh(SCN)J-, [Ru(SCN)J, [Ru(SCN)J -have been determined. Constants of extraction for associates investigated have been calculated. 

SO as to end the air mixture to adsorber No. 2. The system is then fully automatic. Solvents which have been successfully recovered by the activated carbon adsorption method include methanol, ethanol, butanol, chlorinated hydrocarbons including perchlorethylene, which boils at 121 C (250 °F), ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, the acetates up to amyl acetate, benzene, toluene, xylene, mineral spirits, naphtha, gasoline, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, hexane, carbon disulfide, and others. 

Complexes of N-N bonded dinitrogen dioxide, such as depicted in pathway B of Scheme 5, would appear to be necessary in order to effect the formation of the N-N bond. This has been treated theoretically as a metal promoted reductive coupling of 2 NO to form a hyponitrite complex (79). The Cu Tp112) system was also shown to catalyze NO oxidations of benzyl and isopropyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and acetone (Eq. (37)). Electrospray mass spectrometry indicated that higher... 

In 1992, industrial wastewater containing isopropyl alcohol and acetone from the Kennedy Air Force Base was treated using at 5-gpm Perox-Pure unit. Total O M costs for the system were 3.60 per 1,000 gallons of wastewater treated. These costs included 2.00 for electricity priced at 0.06 per kW-hour, 0.60 for hydrogen peroxide priced at 0.35 per pound, and 1.00 for maintenance (D10057S, p. 59 60 D19079Y, p. 3-21 D17231G, p. 410). 

A systematic study has been developed by Christopoulou and Perkins (78). They employed three different types of detectors (differential refractometer, variable wavelength detector set at 205 or 232 nm, and infrared detector at 5.72 /zm) and three commercially packed columns (I, LC-Si, 250 X 4.6-mm ID, 5-/zm particle size II, LC-18, 250 X 4.6-mm ID, 5-/zm particle size III, LC-18, 150 X 4.6-mm ID, 5-/zm particle size). The various mobile phases used were system I, 1.5% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in hexane system II, acetonitrile/acetone (1 1) system III, acetonitrile (spectra) system IV, acetonitrile/methylene chloride (3 1). Columns I and II were used with solvent systems I and II, respectively, and refractometry was the mode of detection. Column III was used with solvent system III and UV detection at 205 or 232 nm, as well as with solvent system IV and infrared detection at 5.72 /zm. 

It can be converted to a water-soluble, insensitive material, not susceptible to initiation, by treatment for 15 minutes at 87°, with 30 wts of a 15% soln of Na sulfide nonahydrate (Ref 1). Amm sulfide behaves similarly, but reacts much more slowly. These procedures involve reduction of the nitro groups to amino and other groups less energetic than nitro. TNT can be rapidly rendered non-expl by treatment with isopropyl-amine in a good solvent for TNT (eg, acetone or acetonitrile) (Ref 18). This system has been studied for destroying land mines (Refs 11 18). Destruction of the nitro groups in this system apparently occurs by the base-promoted redox reactions discussed under the reaction of TNT with bases. These chemical methods produce products of unknown toxicity, and are therefore suitable only for the treatment of small amounts of material on an occasional basis Other (limited-access) reports on the disposal of TNT are listed in the following Refs (Refs 4, 6,9,19,20 33)... 

Gobolos et al. studied reductive amination of acetone with ammonia in a flow system at 169-210°C and 0.8 MPa H2 (H2/NH3 = 0.5) on Raney Ni that had been modified by organic tin compounds with general formula of SnR l (R = Et, Bu, or benzyl) in order to suppress the formation of isopropyl alcohol.16 By introducing tin from tetraalkyl tin, the selectivity to the formation of secondary amine significantly increased at the expense of the primary amine (isopropylamine/diisopropylamine ratio = 68.2/24.1 at 192°C, compared to 83.6/8.6 at 190°C with unmodified catalyst). By modifying the catalyst with SnBzl2Cl2, the lowest selectivity (<1%) for the formation of isopropyl alcohol was obtained at temperatures of 171-202°C. The isopropy-lamine/diisopropylamine ratio was close to the values obtained on the unmodified catalyst (7.3% selectivity to isopropyl alcohol at 190°C). 

Diisopropylmercury yielded isopropylmercuric chloride and isopropyl alcohol as well as acetone. The first two products gave acetone upon further reaction with 03. The following equation appears to describe this system ... 

The zero creep/laser interferometer system was evaluated using A1 foils [0.002 cm thick, 1.905 cm long]. No thickness tolerance was furnished by the manufacturer, however, no discernible variations were observed using a micrometer accurate to 0.1 /im. The foils were washed in acetone and isopropyl alcohol before being mounted in the reactor. The reactor was evacuated before the sample was heated to temperature. The operating vacuum was 7 10 atm at temperature. Typical runs were from 3-4 days in length, and data was collected every 5 seconds. 

If we apply (26.73) to the system acetone + chloroform discussed above we find that the term - 2nj In rj always determines the sign of 5. The excess entropy in this case is then associated mainly with the loss in the number of orientations of the monomolecules. Another similar case is that of methanol + carbon tetrachloride (c/. fig. 24.5). On the other hand we must notice that for the systems acetone + ethanol and acetone + isopropyl alcohol the excess entropy is positive... 

A major feature of acetone noted previously is that, along with isopropyl alcohol (IPA), it is considered a universal solvent. This means that acetone and IPA are fiilly miscible with a wide range of compounds within solvent classes such as alkanes, chlorinated alkanes, ketones, and—most inqiortantly— water. Consequently, for those support materials that are used as either NP or RP supports (e.g., cyanqiropyl, aminopropyl, diol), acetone (w IPA) may be used as a conversion solvent For example, to change a cyanopropyl colunm from a NP hexane/ dichloromethane mobile phase to a RP acetonitrile/water system, acetone (or IPA) is equilibrated with the column as an intermediate step. Note that buffers should never be present in any solution during the conversion step. If a buffer is in the mobile phase, then an identical mobile phase without the buffer must be equilibrated with the column prior to the conversion step. 

The other system used a diphenyl-modified silica plate, with hexane isopropyl alchol acetone, 15 2 3, in the normal phase dimension and Me0H H20, 7 3, in the reverse phase dimension. Both systems separated taxol and taxol B adequately and also separated several other compounds from T. brevifolia extract [9]. 

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