Isometric View

When it is difficult to visualize an object using only its orthognqihic views, an isometric sketch is also drawn. The isometric drawk tissws the three dimensions of an object in a singie view. The isometric drawii are sometimes referred to as technical illustiadons and are used to show 

Step 4 Complete the drawing as marked by the remaining line numbers, and remove the unwanted lines 3—6,3—8,3—12,6—13, and 6-9. 

we will use an example to demonstrate the steps in creatii an isometric view of an object. 

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Many developers of software for finite-element analysis (18) provide drafting of pipelines and associated flow analysis. These companies include Algor, McAuto, MacNeal-Schwindler, and ElowDesign. In software, in-house developed pipe fittings are modularized and isometric views of the piping systems with three-dimensional detailing are now commonplace. 

Fig. 7. Spht screen viewing of designed parts, (a). Top view (b), isometric view (c), front view (d), right-side view.

Fig. 11 —Isometric views and associated contour line plots of film shape for k=2.9 and rolling speed of 0.021 and 0.042 ms" (Ref. [56]).

Fig. 2. Isometric view of ZSM-22 crystallite location of pore mouth, bridge acid and micropiore acid sites.

Figure 5. An isometric view of the new injection system, showing the dipole magnets B1 and B2, the electrostatic deflectors D1-D4, and the aperture plate A A. The positions of the electrostatic quadrupoles Q1 and Q2 are indicated also. The principal rays for beams of two different isotopes in the deflected up position are indicated by the solid lines, with the undeflected rays shown as...

Fig. 13. Isometric view of one channel of a fully intermeshing corotating twin-screw extruder.

The constraint that the tip of one screw element wipe the flank of its mate in self-wiping, corotating twin-screw extruders leads to a unique relationship for the shape of the screw channel (Booy, 1978,1980). Figure 13 is an isometric view of this channel and Fig. 14 is a cross section of the channel in a plane that is perpendicular to the plane which defines the helix angle. Figure 14 shows the actual shape of the channel, which is described by the following expressions ... 

Figure 17.1 (a) Countercurrent Swirl Combustor experimental facility (6) isometric view of the burner and (c) cross-sectional view of the burner indicating relevant parameters... 

Provide the as built isometric view with the number, location, and type of welds (manual, automatic)... 

Isometric view of Ultrox system. (From USEPA, Ultrox International Ultraviolet Radiation/ Oxidation Technology—Applications Analysis Report, EPA/540/A5-89/012, September 1990.)... 

Figure 5.5.11-1 Absorption characteristics of a complete disk showing the variation in absorption properties as a function of spatial angle and absorbing species. Top 3-D isometric view. Bottom 2-D projection, plane contains vertical axis perpendicular to disk surface. The shared quantum-mechanical structure of the liquid crystalline chromophore(s) creates a highly focused (anisotropic) absorption profile. This structure is in quantum-mechanical contact with the microtubules surrounding the disk. The retinoids within the opsin proteins are not in quantum-mechanical contact with each other or the microtubules.

Fig. 12.2. Isometric view of the ITER divertor and pumping duct regions. One can see in dark grey the area hidden from the plasma near the plasma source and farther away where deposition of hydrocarbon radicals can potentially occur...

Figure 1 presents an isometric view of the pneumatically controlled downcomer. Solids drop by gravity into a fully fluidized dipleg and pass via... 

To provide an example. Fig. Z16 shows a sin libed isometric view of a cell of a steam cracker with vertical tubes in the radiation zone and horizontal tubes in the convection zone. It also shows the positions of the adewaU burners, quench boilers, steam drum, and the injection device of the heavy cut which performs the supplementary direct quench. 

Figure 5 Isometric view of simulated hydrogen bubble dispersion for t=2s.

Fig. 11. One of the spin-coupled orbitals in benzene. The others are generated by successively Cg rotations, (a) Contours of < j(r) in a

This last equation illustrates our earlier remark that the momentum density falls off rapidly with p (in the present case as p at large p). There is a maximum in p(p) for this orbital at / = 0. This can be seen in Fig. lb, which shows an isometric view of p(p) in the plane p, = 0. Figure la is the analogous r-space plot of p(r) in the plane x = 0. In both cases, the bond direction is the z-axis. In fact. Fig. 1 was generated using a somewhat more elaborate basis set (TZVP) than was assumed in our simple algebraic treatment, but all the features we discuss are common to the densities derived from both calculations. 

Rg. - . Isometric views of the electron density for H. The intemuclear axis is the z-axis, with the nuclei at (0,0, + 0.7) bohn a j sition-space electron density in the plane x = 0, extending to 1.5 atomic units in both the y and z directions b momentum-space electron density in the plane p, = 0. extending to 1 atomic units in both the p, and Pj directions, with p = 0 at the centre of the plot c momentum-space electron density in the plane p, = 0, extending to 6 atomic units in both the p, and p, directions the peak around p = 0 (at the centre of the plot) has been removed in order to highlight the nodal planes in p(p) (Eq. (15)) at p = + hIRab (i.e. Pj + 2.2 atomic units)... 

Fig. 12.4 Insulated DieMate manifold top isometric view (left) and top view (right).

An isometric view of a reactor board is shown in Fig. 12.8. It contains the electronics for the Redwood flow manifolds as daughter and granddaughter cards. 

Figure I. An isometric view of Hg2 se sFg showing the chains of mercury atoms (circles) running through the lattice composed of AsFg ions (octahedra)...

Three-dimensional flow analysis is much more demanding computationally but is necessary to capture the full detailed characteristics of FSW. Added detail in 3-D includes complete tools with shoulder and probe tool tilt probe features such as threads, helical flutes, and taper in diameter and flow below the pin— important for avoiding root defects. The output of 3-D CFD is essentially the same as in 2-D, but flow paths are more difficult to present graphically, requiring 2-D slices or isometric views. Figure... 

Figure 11-10. Photographs of the magnetic gliding arc device front, top, and isometric views.

Danielsson et al. (2002) analysed a BCC lattice of rubber spheres, of volume fraction 0.25, in polycarbonate. The spheres were assumed to cavitate early in the process, so were replaced by voids. Figure 4.14 shows the plastic strain distribution in the repeating unit. In the left-hand view, a spherical surface is visible, whereas the right-hand figure is an isometric view of the other PC surfaces. The plastic strains are concentrated in matrix... 

Upper Plenum Thermal Protection Structure - Isometric View Hot Duct - Elevation View... 

UPPER PLENUM THERMAL PROTECTION STRUCTURE - ISOMETRIC VIEW... 

FIGURE 10.3 Spray drying setup (a) sketch of the dryer (dimensions are in mm) and (b) isometric view of the dryer. 

FIGURE 10.13 Evolution of particle moisture content (kg/kg). (a) 2D axisymmetric simulations and (b-d) frontal, side, and isometric views— 3D case study. 

FIGURE 29.4 Isometric view of centrifugal fluidized bed drying system. (1, dryer cylinder 2, drive pulley 3, aspiration feeder 4, feeder blower 5, discharge chute 6, air blower 7, air discharge damper 8, steam coil heater 9, plenum 10, air vent 11, vent port 12, recirculating duct 13, make-up air 14, blower intake). (From Hanni, P.F. et al., J. Food ScL, 41(5), 1172, 1976. With permission.)... 

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