Isomeric alcohols

Raphael has deyised a commercial synthesis using intermediates 365A and B to provide the two halves of the molecule. B is converted in aqueous add to an isomeric alcohol. Draw this. 

Write structural formulas or build molecular models and give the functional class and substitutive names of all the isomeric alcohols that have the molecular formula C4H10O... 

Which of the isomeric alcohols having the molecular formula C5H12O are chiral" Which are achiral" ... 

Write structural formulas, or build molecular models for all the constitutionally isomeric alcohols of molecular formula C5H12O. Assign a substitutive and a functional class name to each one, and specify whether it is a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol. 

Hydroboration of c -4-methylpent-2-ene followed by basic workup yields two isomeric alcohols, the ratio of which depends on the hydroboration reagent, HBR2. 

Why are the boiling points of ethers typically lower than those of isomeric alcohols ... 

By con ersion into the xanlbogemc esters Ihe alcoholic porlion of the oil was separated iolo two distinct portions, which on saponification yielded l o isomeric sesquiterpene alcohols. One of ihese. iso-cryptoraeriol, C,jH,jOH, is a liquid of specific relation — 3° 2o. The isomeric alcohol has been termed cryptoraeiiol, and is an oil of specific rotation - 37° o, and has a specific gravity 0 96d. 

Two isomeric alcohols, known as vetivenol, also exist in the oil. By treatment with phosphorus pentachloride this mixture of alcohols is converted into a chloride, or mixture of chlorides, which on reduction yields an artificial vetivene, having the following characters —... 

Geraniol is converted into the isomeric alcohol, linalol, hy heat, and both alcohols yield the same chloride when treated wijth dry hydrochloric acid gas. Dupont and Labaune first prepared this chloride, which they considered was linalyl chloride, but Eorster and Cardwell have shown that it is geranyl chloride. 

The number of isomeric homologues of benzene with formula Cg n 6-f2n asymptotically proportional to the number of isomeric alcohols with proportionality factor [r(p ) + (p)r(p ) J/2. 

Structurally isomeric disubstituted paraffins. The number of structurally isomeric alcohols is, apparently, the same... 

BlaC31 Blair, C. M., Henze, H. R. The number of structurally isomeric alcohols of the methanol series. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 3042-3046. 

Draw and name the eight isomeric alcohols with formula C5H120. 

The advance of sulfur trioxide as sulfating agent largely depended on advances in sulfonation/sulfation reactor development and changes in raw material quality. Undiluted sulfur trioxide cannot be used as a sulfating agent except in special cases where suitable equipment is used because of its violent nature. Sulfur trioxide diluted in an inert gas, usually air, when used in batch processes can cause excessive dehydration and dark-colored products. However, batch processes were used years ago and inert liquid solvents were often suggested or used to moderate the reaction. Inadequate reaction conditions lead to a finished product that can contain dialkyl sulfate, dialkyl ether, isomeric alcohols, and olefins whereas inadequate neutralization conditions can increase the content of the parent alcohol due to hydrolysis of the unstable acid sulfate accompanied by an increase of mineral sulfate. 

An important feature of sulfation chemistry is the thermal instability of the acid sulfate, which breaks down to a mixture of products including the parent alcohol, the dialkyl sulfate (R0S020R), the dialkyl ether (ROR), isomeric alcohols, olefins (R CH=CH2), and esters (R0S03R). Because of the thermal instability of the acid sulfate it is necessary to avoid high sulfation temperatures and to neutralize the acid sulfation product soon after its formation. An aging time of about 1 min at 30-50°C is adequate for the second reaction whereby the desired alkyl hydrogen sulfate is formed. In practice the minimum sulfation feasible temperature is determined by the need for the feedstock and reaction mixture to be mobile liquids (Table 3). 

FIGURE 19.2 The boiling points of ethers are lower than those of isomeric alcohols, because there is hydrogen bonding in alcohols but not in ethers. All the molecules represented here are unbranched. 

When the number of carbon atoms in an alcohol molecule is greater than 2, several isomers are possible, depending on the location of the —OH group as well as on the nature of the carbon chain. For example, the structural formulas of four isomeric alcohols with the formula C4HyOH are given in Table 21-6. 

Acid Effect in Grafting With Isomeric Alcohols. With the isomeric propanols and butanols, some unexpected results were obtained both in the presence and absence of acid (Table II). 

The influence of cosurfactant structure is best illustrated by using various isomeric alcohols with the same chain length. This is shown in Figure 4 for the system water, benzene, potassium oleate and amylic alcohols (25). The mass ratio of potassion oleate to COH is 3 5 and the temperature was 22°C. 

Esters and acids from simple carbonylation reactions Alcohols, ethers and esters with higher homologous alkyl groups. Hydrocarbons from hydrogenolysis of the alcohol and its homologs. Ethers from dehydration of the substrate. Esters of the reagent alcohol. s)oiefins from dehydration of the alcohols. Isomeric alcohols. Isomer products (linear/branched 50/50 - 60/40). Only 2-methyl butanol Dimers and trimers of i-butene. 

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